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131.
An investigation on the ground motion parameters and seismic response of underground structures 下载免费PDF全文
Peak ground acceleration (PGA), frequency content and time duration are three fundamental parameters of seismic loading. This study focuses on the seismic load frequency and its effect on the underground structures. Eight accelerograms regarding different occurred earthquakes that are scaled to an identical PGA and variation of ground motion parameters with ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to PGA, as a parameter related to the load frequency, are considered. Then, concrete lining response of a circular tunnel under various seismic conditions is evaluated analytically. In the next, seismic response of underground structure is assessed numerically using two different time histories. Finally, effects of incident load frequency and frequency ratio on the dynamic damping of geotechnical materials are discussed. Result of analyses show that specific energy of seismic loading with identical PGA is related to the seismic load frequency. Furthermore, incident load frequency and natural frequency of a system have influence on the wave attenuation and dynamic damping of the system. 相似文献
132.
Omid Sayar Iman Jabbari Zahir Abadi Omid Sadeghi Hamid Reza Lotfi Zadeh Zhad Najmeh Tavassoli 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):272-277
Nano‐alumina modified by 9‐aminoacridine was used as a sorbent for separation and determination of dichromate ions from water. Statistical method, based on surface response design, has been used for the optimization of dichromate ions elution from 9‐aminoacridine nano‐alumina. The adsorbed dichromate ions were found to be eluted quantitatively with 0.8 mol L?1 KCl in 1.6 mol L?1 NaOH which optimized by response surface design. Under optimum conditions, the accuracy, precision (relative standard deviation, RSD%) and R‐square of the method were calculated as >98, <3, and >94%, respectively. Remarkable agreement between experimental and theoretical data was confirmed the predicted assumption. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of dichromate in natural and industrial water samples. We also examined the retention of dichromate anions in the presence of Cl?, , and anions at pH 3. 相似文献
133.
Bhadravathi Eswara Lokesh Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid Takamitsu Arai Akihiko Kosugi Yoshinori Murata Rokiah Hashim Othman Sulaiman Yutaka Mori Kumar Sudesh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):310-317
Utilization of cheap renewable carbon feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production not only brings down its production cost but also ensures sustainability. The scope of this study was to evaluate the potential of sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source for PHA production. OPT sap was found to be nutritionally rich and contained various fermentable sugars (5.5% w/v) as its major constituent. Termite gut isolate, Bacillus megaterium MC1 grew profoundly in mineral medium with OPT sap as carbon source and a cell density of 10.9 g/L was attained after 16 h of cultivation in shake flask cultures. A maximum poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] content (% cell dry weight; CDW) of 30 wt% and a P(3HB) concentration of 3.28 g/L was recorded. Additionally, OPT sap extracted from younger tree trunks with prolonged storage had higher sugar content (10.8% w/v) and, when used as a growth medium without the addition of any nutrients, supported bacterial growth comparable to commercially available media. 相似文献
134.
Mohammad-Reza Azad Mohammad Koneshloo Abolghasem Kamakar Rouhani Hamid Aghajani 《Acta Geophysica》2016,64(2):398-416
To interpret geophysical anomaly maps, it is necessary to filter out regional and sometimes noise components. Each measured value in a gravity survey consists of different components. Upward continuation (UC) is one of the most widely used filters. The shortcoming of this filter is not to consider the spatial structure of the data, and also the fact that the trial and error approach and expert’s judgment are needed to adjust it. This study aims to compare the factorial kriging analysis (FKA) and UC filters for separation of local and regional anomalies in the gravity data of a hydrocarbon field in the southeast sedimentary basins of the East Vietnam Sea. As shown in this paper, FKA method permits to filter out all of the identified structures, while the UC filter does not possess this capability. Therefore, beside general and classic filtering methods, the FKA method can be used as a strong method in filtering spatial structures and anomaly component. 相似文献
135.
Vernon Cooray Liliana Arevalo Mahbubur Rahman Joseph Dwyer Hamid Rassoul 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(17-18):1890-1898
In this paper, based on theoretical estimation of the achievable electric fields during the physical development process of a long spark under different conditions, we show that the encounter of negative and positive streamer fronts just before the final breakdown is one scenario, under which the observed X-ray bursts in long sparks is highly possible. Our calculations show that for example in an 80 cm long rod–sphere air gap at atmospheric pressure with negative lightning impulse breakdown voltage of about 925 kV, electrons are accelerated to values in the range of 100–300 keV during the encounter. Subsequently, these electrons gain more energy moving through the potential gradient of the positive streamer region. The total gain of energy by electrons may reach 300–500 keV. The results also show that negative discharges can produce more energetic electrons than positive. If the suggested mechanism of X-ray production in long sparks is correct, then the X-ray burst may consist of several pulses closely spaced in time. Time resolved photography in simultaneous measurement of X-rays would be able to confirm this prediction. 相似文献
136.
Forest soil is an important component of the natural environment, and is a primary medium for many biological activities. In this study, soil loss and displacement by excavator and bulldozer (heavy equipments) were measured on cut and fills slopes of forest roads located in Mazandaran province, lran. The volumes of soil losses were estimated by prismoidal analyses of cut and fill slopes deformation between two time treatments (under subgrading and two years later) in slope classes of 30-50% and 50-70%. Weights of soil losses were calculated by multiplying the volumes of soil losses (cm^3) to the general bulk density (1.3g/cm^3). Soil displaced area by heavy equipment was evaluated according to earth working width. Results indicated that heavy equipment has significant effect on deformation of cut slope gradient and fill slope length (p〈0.0001). During the two-year period, the cut (p〈0.0002) and fill (p〈0.0001) slope gradients were significantly deformed in different slope classes. The average soil loss by excavator and bulldozer were 160.35 t/ha·yr and 429.09 t/ha·yr, respectively. Moreover, the soil displaced area during the subgrading process by bulldozer was greater than excavator in both two slope classes (p〈0.05). Soil loss and displacement in forest roads can be rednced by applying powerful excavators in subgrading project, especially in steep terrains. 相似文献
137.
Regularization methods are used to recover a unique and stable solution in ill-posed geophysical inverse problems. Due to the connection of homogeneous operators that arise in many geophysical inverse problems to the Fourier basis, for these operators classical regularization methods possess some limitations that one may try to circumvent by wavelet techniques.
In this paper, we introduce a two-step wavelet-based regularization method that combines classical regularization methods with wavelet transform to solve ill-posed linear inverse problems in geophysics. The power of the two-step wavelet-based regularization for linear inversion is twofold. First, regularization parameter choice is straightforward; it is obtained from a priori estimate of data variance. Second, in two-step wavelet-based regularization the basis can simultaneously diagonalize both the operator and the prior information about the model to be recovered. The latter is performed by wavelet-vaguelette decomposition using orthogonal symmetric fractional B-spline wavelets.
In the two-step wavelet-based regularization method, at the first step where fully classical tools are used, data is inverted for the Moore-Penrose solution of the problem, which is subsequently used as a preliminary input model for the second step. Also in this step, a model-independent estimate of data variance is made using nonparametric estimation and L-curve analysis. At the second step, wavelet-based regularization is used to partially recover the smoothness properties of the exact model from the oscillatory preliminary model.
We illustrated the efficiency of the method by applying on a synthetic vertical seismic profiling data. The results indicate that a simple non-linear operation of weighting and thresholding of wavelet coefficients can consistently outperform classical linear inverse methods. 相似文献
In this paper, we introduce a two-step wavelet-based regularization method that combines classical regularization methods with wavelet transform to solve ill-posed linear inverse problems in geophysics. The power of the two-step wavelet-based regularization for linear inversion is twofold. First, regularization parameter choice is straightforward; it is obtained from a priori estimate of data variance. Second, in two-step wavelet-based regularization the basis can simultaneously diagonalize both the operator and the prior information about the model to be recovered. The latter is performed by wavelet-vaguelette decomposition using orthogonal symmetric fractional B-spline wavelets.
In the two-step wavelet-based regularization method, at the first step where fully classical tools are used, data is inverted for the Moore-Penrose solution of the problem, which is subsequently used as a preliminary input model for the second step. Also in this step, a model-independent estimate of data variance is made using nonparametric estimation and L-curve analysis. At the second step, wavelet-based regularization is used to partially recover the smoothness properties of the exact model from the oscillatory preliminary model.
We illustrated the efficiency of the method by applying on a synthetic vertical seismic profiling data. The results indicate that a simple non-linear operation of weighting and thresholding of wavelet coefficients can consistently outperform classical linear inverse methods. 相似文献
138.
139.
Ali Haghizadeh Davoud Davoudi Moghaddam Hamid Reza Pourghasemi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(8):109
Groundwater potential analysis prepares better comprehension of hydrological settings of different regions. This study shows the potency of two GIS-based data driven bivariate techniques namely statistical index (SI) and Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to analyze groundwater potential in Broujerd region of Iran. The research was done using 11 groundwater conditioning factors and 496 spring positions. Based on the ground water potential maps (GPMs) of SI and DST methods, 24.22% and 23.74% of the study area is covered by poor zone of groundwater potential, and 43.93% and 36.3% of Broujerd region is covered by good and very good potential zones, respectively. The validation of outcomes displayed that area under the curve (AUC) of SI and DST techniques are 81.23% and 79.41%, respectively, which shows SI method has slightly a better performance than the DST technique. Therefore, SI and DST methods are advantageous to analyze groundwater capacity and scrutinize the complicated relation between groundwater occurrence and groundwater conditioning factors, which permits investigation of both systemic and stochastic uncertainty. Finally, it can be realized that these techniques are very beneficial for groundwater potential analyzing and can be practical for water-resource management experts. 相似文献
140.
Forecasting reservoir inflow is one of the most important components of water resources and hydroelectric systems operation management. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models have been frequently used for predicting river flow. SARIMA models are linear and do not consider the random component of statistical data. To overcome this shortcoming, monthly inflow is predicted in this study based on a combination of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and gene expression programming (GEP) models, which is a new hybrid method (SARIMA–GEP). To this end, a four-step process is employed. First, the monthly inflow datasets are pre-processed. Second, the datasets are modelled linearly with SARIMA and in the third stage, the non-linearity of residual series caused by linear modelling is evaluated. After confirming the non-linearity, the residuals are modelled in the fourth step using a gene expression programming (GEP) method. The proposed hybrid model is employed to predict the monthly inflow to the Jamishan Dam in west Iran. Thirty years’ worth of site measurements of monthly reservoir dam inflow with extreme seasonal variations are used. The results of this hybrid model (SARIMA–GEP) are compared with SARIMA, GEP, artificial neural network (ANN) and SARIMA–ANN models. The results indicate that the SARIMA–GEP model (R 2=78.8, VAF =78.8, RMSE =0.89, MAPE =43.4, CRM =0.053) outperforms SARIMA and GEP and SARIMA–ANN (R 2=68.3, VAF =66.4, RMSE =1.12, MAPE =56.6, CRM =0.032) displays better performance than the SARIMA and ANN models. A comparison of the two hybrid models indicates the superiority of SARIMA–GEP over the SARIMA–ANN model. 相似文献