A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.     

广西测震流动观测的发展与应用

大震或有感地震发生后,迅速组织开展地震现场流动监测是地震监测应急的一项重要内容.回顾广西测震流动观测的发展历程,介绍广西数字应急测震流动台网的技术构成、管理和考评、启动和终止,最后结合实际介绍了测震流动观测在广西中强地震、显著震群、水库加密观测及科研项目中的应用.     

盐度对绿鳍马面鲀存活、抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响

绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)作为中国沿海新兴网箱养殖种类, 在夏季多雨季节会经历盐度剧烈变化的过程, 因而探明盐度对绿鳍马面鲀存活和生理指标的影响, 对开展网箱养殖具有重要意义。本研究首先测定了绿鳍马面鲀的96 h半致死盐度, 随后分别设置低盐组(15)和高盐组(40), 分析盐度胁迫不同时间后生理指标的动态变化规律, 观察肝脏、鳃和肾脏的组织结构改变。结果显示, 绿鳍马面鲀96 h半致死低盐度为10.74, 半致死高盐度为42.95。低盐组和高盐组鳃Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活呈上升趋势, 且高于对照组, 在96 h时各组差异性显著(P<0.05)。低盐组和高盐组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均表现为先上升、后下降的趋势, 在96 h时均低于对照组; 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势, 在96 h时低盐组显著低于高盐组(P<0.05)。低盐组和高盐组肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在96 h达到最大值, 且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。组织切片显示, 低盐组和高盐组肝细胞出现空泡和细胞核固缩的现象, 且高盐组更为严重; 鳃丝上皮细胞排列紊乱、细胞坏死, 低盐组鳃丝变宽, 鳃小片变长, 高盐组鳃丝萎缩, 鳃小片间距变大; 肾组织低盐组出现肾小管管腔扩张、肾小囊腔膨大, 高盐组出现肾小管和肾小球坏死的现象。本研究探究了盐度对存活、抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响, 可为绿鳍马面鲀健康养殖提供理论支持。     

三峡水库小江回水区水华暴发期浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

三峡水库蓄水以来,支流水华频发,尤以小江情况最为严重,给三峡库区的生态安全带来较大隐患。为探究支流水华暴发特征和主控因素,于2014-2021年小江水华暴发期间在小江高阳江段进行浮游植物及环境因子调查,并使用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、百分比相似性分析以及基于距离的线性模型等方法,对小江水华暴发期间浮游植物和环境因子在不同年份不同水层间的差异以及二者的关系进行研究。结果表明:小江水华暴发期内,浮游植物的种类数在43~70种之间,其中2015年蓝藻种类数明显减少,2018年以后硅藻种类数明显减少;采样期间浮游植物平均细胞密度在0.66×10⁶~61.28×10⁶ cells/L之间,同期表层细胞密度明显高于中层和底层;各层水体间水华微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、不定微囊藻等10种藻的密度存在明显差异,是主要差异种;显著影响表层、中层和底层浮游植物群落结构变动的环境因子是水位的日平均变幅;水位的日平均变幅与藻类优势种拟合关系显示,当日水位下降幅度在0.5 m以上时,浮游植物平均密度会呈指数级减少。研究结果可为三峡库区支流水华的防控提供数据支持。     

郯城县河砂资源开发现状及建议

郯城县河砂资源丰富，砂质优良，主要集中分布于沂河和沭河内。目前其用途主要为建筑用砂，开发利用程度较低，并存在资源浪费，乱采滥挖现象，合理开发和有效保护河砂资源是该区的当务之急。     

河北阳原晚白垩世沉积环境分析

对河北阳原晚白垩世地层的沉积环境进行了系统地分析，初步认为它为一套湖北和扇三角洲沉积，并对沉积环境的基本特征和盆地充填过程进行了详细论述，通过对恐龙化石产出层位的沉积环境分析，将对恐龙的埋藏与生态环境的研究具有重要的参考意义。     

冲绳海槽长链二醇生物标志物对中晚全新世黑潮变化的指示意义

长链二醇（LCDs）是一类微藻生物标志物,在海洋沉积物中除了能够指示其生物来源,近年来的工作还表明它们能够很好地用于示踪表层海水温度（SST）和营养盐。本文对冲绳海槽北部OTK-6站位的1根中晚全新世柱状沉积物（长度468cm）进行了长链二醇的提取分析,重建了7 ka B.P.以来的表层海水温度和营养盐变化历史,并与前人的黑潮指标变化进行对比。结果显示,在本研究区基于长链二醇的SST指标可能反映的是年均但略偏暖季的温度,其变化曲线与营养盐指标的变化曲线呈反向变化。而且上述温度和营养盐变化历史与前人给出的黑潮强弱变化历史对应较好,表现出黑潮增强时,SST温度升高,营养盐含量降低,与黑潮水的高温寡营养的特点一致。本文结果显示,在6.0~5.2 ka B.P.、4.2~3.5 ka B.P.、2.5~2.1 ka B.P.、1.8~1.4 ka B.P.以及1.1~0.8 ka B.P.前后黑潮对研究区域的影响加强。因此,认为基于长链二醇的温度和营养盐指标有潜力成为重建古黑潮演变的新型代用指标。

     

地形三维可视化中的彩色地貌晕渲图多模式色彩设计

设计了一种较系统的地貌彩色晕渲图设色方案,根据任意高程范围内的DEM数据,自动采用相应模式,生成了满足专业制图标准的彩色晕渲图。     

Paleoglacial and paleoclimate reconstructions during the global Last Glacial Maximum in the Longriba area,eastern Tibetan Plateau

Owing to the remoteness of the Longriba area and the lack of dating records,it is extremely challenging to reconstruct the chronology and extent of the paleoglaciers in this area.In this paper,we combined limited observational data with automated modelling for paleoglacial reconstructions.We first identified a broadly distributed paleoglacier from satellite imagery and field investigation based on the sediment-landform assemblage principle and dated it to 23.1±1.4~19.5±1.2 ka by ¹⁰Be exposure dating,corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum(gLGM).Then,we reconstructed the extent and ice surface of 171 paleoglaciers formed during the similar period based on geomorphological evidence and‘ice surface profile’modelling.The results showed that the paleoglacial coverage was 426.5 km2,with an ice volume of 38.1 km³,in the Longriba area.The reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes(ELAs)based on modelled ice surfaces yielded an average of 4245±66 m above sea level(asl),~725±73 m lower than the present ELA(4970±29 m asl).The temperature was~5.51-6.68℃lower,and the precipitation was~30-34%less in Longriba,during the gLGM compared to the present day.This glacial advance was mainly driven by colder climate that was synchronous with Northern Hemisphere cooling events.