2012 年6 月30 日新疆新源-和静MS 6. 6地震序列震源机制解

利用CAP方法反演了2012年6月30日新源-和静Ms6.6地震序列震源机制解.反演得到Ms6.6地震节面Ⅰ的参数为:走向299°,倾角68°,滑动角164°;节面Ⅱ的参数为:走向35°,倾角75°,滑动角23°;P轴方位角166°,倾角5°,T轴方位角258°,倾角26°;矩震级Mw为6.3;矩心深度为21km.此次地震序列破裂优势方向为NWW,倾角以60°～90°为主,滑动角以±180°±30°为主;P轴方位的优势取向为近NS向,T轴优势取向为近EW向.初步分析表明,主震节面Ⅰ为发震断层,是走向为NWW、近乎直立的左旋走滑断层.此次6.6级地震震源断错性质和主压应力方向以及序列P轴优势方位与震源区周围构造应力场特征基本一致.     

南疆一次强沙尘暴前后塔中近地面各气象要素的变化特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中站2006年4月10日一次强沙尘暴前后连续5天地面、土壤中、以及80 m高塔站梯度观测系统的各气象要素资料,详细地分析了该沙尘暴前后不同沙尘天气日各要素的变化特征.结果表明:这次沙尘暴是南疆气温持续回暖、热低压强烈发展、沙尘暴和浮尘天气持续时间长的一次南疆东灌型强沙尘暴过程.温、湿廓线在沙尘暴过境时,因强湍流交换,整个近地层大气基本上处于中性层结,沙尘暴日为降温增湿的过程;沙尘暴日前后大气层结发生了转变,破坏了晴天正常的逆温、逆湿结构.风速廓线在沙尘暴日满足对数律关系,而在沙尘暴日前后的天气里,风速较小,规律性差.沙尘暴过境时0O cm和5 cm地温变化趋势与1.5 m气温相似,过境前1.5 m气温比5 cm地温达到峰值的时间约提前1～2 h,过境后反而又滞后1～2 h.     

Analysis on the Salt Content Characteristics of Southern Saline-Alkali Soil in Datong Basin and Its Causes

This paper studies the southern part of Datong Basin and investigates, in combination with a survey on the soil properties, the salt content characteristics of the soil in the region using relevant analysis methods. The results showed that the soil salinization type of the soil in the study area is soda saline-alkaline soil, and the salt content of the profile soil tends to assemble in the soil surface. As the overall salt content is low, it is classified as moderately saline soil. However, being highly alkaline, it thus basically belongs to the moderate-to-severe level; a significant positive correlation is found between total salt quantity and exchange sodium and degree of alkalization. Exchange sodium is a factor that determines the size of alkalization degree and it also indirectly affects the pH value; special climate, topography and parent material, groundwater and soil properties, and tillage management of the region explain the formation of the large area of saline-alkali soil. This study will provide an important theoretical basis for the sustainable use of soil resources in the southern saline-alkali soil in Datong Basin     

Spatial and temporal deformation characteristics of marine alluvial deposits due to land reclamation: implications from InSAR observation and geotechnical estimate

Ground deformation of reclaimed land is a key issue for reclamation design, construction and sustainable development in coastal areas as this consolidation process of the underlying compressible marine sediment sequences over very long‐time periods could lead to damage of both ground constructions and underground facilities. In this case study, we have investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of residual reclamation settlement of Chek Lap Kok Airport, Hong Kong, one of the largest land reclamation projects worldwide. A total of 25 time series ENVISAT ASAR datasets, acquired between December 2003 and October 2008, were used to retrieve settlement rates and deformation history at high resolution and accuracy by means of advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). The InSAR‐derived results show a fairly homogenous and stable pattern in the sectors of the airport site corresponding to the two original islands of Chek Lap Kok and Lam Chau. In contrast, a relatively high spatial settlement variability, ranging from moderate (3–7?mm/yr) to strong (>10?mm/yr) settlement rates, was discovered within the majority of the reclaimed portion of the airport. A joint analysis of InSAR observations and geological materials indicates that the variability of the recorded residual settlement was highly correlated with the variations of thickness and pre‐consolidation state of alluvial deposits below the reclamation. A quantitative comparison analysis also has been carried out between time series InSAR observations and theoretical estimates of residual settlement modelled by geotechnical investigations. The results imply that a primary consolidation process in alluvial deposits below the reclamation might be delayed with respect to the predicted results and may still have been occurring in most reclaimed areas during the investigation period (2003–2008); the time to complete it could stretch to decades depending on hydraulic conductivity and natural drainage conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自发地理信息可信度及其评价

由于自发地理信息数据主要来源于志愿者上传,不可避免地存在数据质量缺乏保障等问题,故限制了其广泛应用。针对自发地理信息数据质量未知、参考数据难以获取等问题,本文引入了数据可信度的概念,从区域内用户信誉度之和与数据变化趋势2个方面对自发地理信息的可信度进行评价,将定性分析结果进行量化表达。首先,利用李纳斯定理计算区域内用户的信誉度之和获取数据质量的相关信息,以志愿者上传数据中保留的点所占比重作为志愿者的信誉度,构建了基于点统计的志愿者信誉度模型。接着,从数据量变化的趋势中获取数据的质量信息,通过计算研究区域内数据量的变化程度进行数据变化趋势度量。最后,以北京等地区OpenStreetMap数据作为实验对象,验证了方法的有效性。实验结果表明,利用该方法所得出的实验结果与基于参考数据的质量评价结果总体上保持一致。     

东阿县城区地热资源开发利用浅议

东阿县位于山东省西南部,隶属于聊城市。东阿县城区目前易于开发利用的地热资源主要分布在西北部,热储层主要为新近系明化镇组中下部和馆陶组。热源以正常的地温传导为主,深部热流沿断裂带上涌及断裂活动产生的热量也是区内增温热源[1]。     

温度对马尾藻及其油页岩混合物热解产气特性的影响

【目的】研究马尾藻及其油页岩混合物在不同温度下的热解产气特性。【方法】利用燃烧烟气污染物测试实验台,测量马尾藻及其油页岩混合物在温度区间400℃至800℃下CO和H_2的排放特性,包括峰值浓度、峰值时间和平均浓度。【结果】马尾藻以及其油页岩混合物的热解过程可分为慢速析出、快速析出和降速三个阶段。马尾藻单独热解实验中,排放的CO体积分数峰值达到10 367×10~(-6)。温度的升高有利于马尾藻在热解中CO和H_2的析出,反应的开始时间和完成时间均有所提前。在马尾藻与油页岩混合物的热解中,H2的析出在700℃时达到最高(体积分数峰值为1 254×10~(-6))。油页岩的加入迟滞了CO和H_2的排放时间。【结论】油页岩的加入有效减少马尾藻热解过程中CO的排放并缩短反应时间,提高效率节省能源,马尾藻与油页岩的混合热解具有良好的应用前景。     

Application of constrained sparse spike inversion in reservoir predication:a case study of Oriente Basin in South America

In the conditions of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of seismic data and a small quality of log information,the consequences of seismic interpretation through the impedance inversion of seismic data could be more precise. Constrained sparse spike inversion(CSSI) has advantage in oil and gas reservoir predication because it does not rely on the original model. By analyzing the specific algorithm of CSSI,the accuracy of inversion is controlled. Oriente Basin in South America has the low amplitude in geological...