沙化土地野外光谱数据采集的技术方法探讨

根据对环北京地区沙化土地野外光谱数据采集工作，探讨了光谱数据采集的技术方法选择，并以ASD FieldSpec^FR全波段野外光谱仪所测数据为例进行分析，对影响光谱数据共享的辅助数据进行了讨论。     

基于VRIO修正模型的长三角文化产业竞争力评价

文化产业已经成为我国促进经济结构转型、扩大内需的重要着力点。结合VRIO模型,从价值、稀缺性、不可模仿性与组织4个层面构建文化产业竞争力评价指标体系,体现文化产业的载体依附性、创意性和消费高门槛性。利用物元分析法对2012—2018年长三角地区11个城市文化产业竞争力进行研究。结果表明:(1)长三角地区文化产业竞争力提升明显,但区域内部发展不平衡,城市间层级特征明显;(2)江苏与浙江的文化产业竞争力受不同发展模式影响,分别侧重于政府扶持下的规模化生产与市场推动下的新型物质载体升级。结合区域文化产业竞争力评价结果提出针对性的建议。     

长周期地震动三维有限元数值模拟方法

采用数值方法对长周期地震动进行模拟已成为当前强地面运动预测的研究方向之一。本文提出了一种有限元并行计算的高效地震动数值模拟方法,可以同时考虑震源、传播途径和场地条件对地震动的影响,并根据昆明地区未来可能发生的设定地震对昆明市的影响地震动进行了预测。这一方法可以应用于国内已探测的发震活断层进行地震危害性评价工作。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF A MESO-β SCALE RAINSTORM EVENT*

Diagnosis is performed of a thunderstorm rainstorm event occurring in the summer of 1996 at Nanjing and numerical simulation undertaken in the context of hydrostatic equilibrium framework of MM5 as the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model. Analyses show that the rainstorm-associated thermal condition was the accumulation of unstable potential energy and the dynamic condition was vigorous convergence updrafts. And the simulation within the hydrostatic framework indicates the significant role of latent heat release in the rainstorm occurrence: that even for a 30 km grid spacing horizontally of great importance to the successful modeling of the meso-p event was a convection parameterization scheme that led to less rainfall in our run based only on its explicit version but to the prediction in closer agreement with the observed when its implicit version was used in combination: for the thunderstorm-accompanied torrential rain. the Grell scheme was superior to the version of Kuo and the improved Arakawa-Schubert parameterization scheme (Grell 1993:Anthese and Kuo 1987; Arakawa and Scherbt 1974: Grell et al. 1991).Moreover, better results came from the simulation in the context of hydrostatic framework of the MM5 compared to those from the run within the nonhydrostatic equilibrium framework, a problem that awaits further efforts.     

基于B/S架构的广东省海岛保护管理信息平台建设

为满足广东省海岛保护管理业务需求以及提高广东省海岛保护管理信息化水平,文章在现有海岛调查数据的基础上,运用数据库管理和“一张图”集成展示技术,采用B/S架构模式,搭建集海岛属性、空间和时间数据以及多比例数据于一体的区域性海岛保护管理信息平台;该平台的建设对于全面掌握广东省海岛的数据情况、基本特点、保护管理情况和存在的突出问题发挥积极作用,同时以信息化管理技术手段加强广东省海岛保护管理,推进海岛资源合理开发利用,促进海洋经济发展。     

厦门海洋垃圾防治与管理实践及启示

海洋垃圾污染问题已经成为国际社会重点关注的环境问题,也是我国海洋环境治理的重要组成部分。文章从协调机制、日常监测、预测预报、风险评估、国际合作、宣传教育方面总结和分析了厦门市海洋垃圾污染防治与管理实践和经验,针对国内当前在海洋垃圾防治与管理实践中存在的问题,在厦门模式的基础上,提出了加强立法建设、关注源头控制、开展日常监测和预报、建立评价体系、拓展合作交流、强化宣传教育等方面的措施建议,为我国其他沿海地方海洋垃圾污染防治与管理提供参考。     

Weathering of Oil in a Surficial Aquifer

The composition of crude oil in a surficial aquifer was determined in two locations at the Bemidji, MN, spill site. The abundances of 71 individual hydrocarbons varied within 16 locations sampled. Little depletion of these hydrocarbons (relative to the pipeline oil) occurred in the first 10 years after the spill, whereas losses of 25% to 85% of the total measured hydrocarbons occurred after 30 years. The C_6‐30 n‐alkanes, toluene, and o‐xylene were the most depleted hydrocarbons. Some hydrocarbons, such as the n‐C_10–24 cyclohexanes, tri‐ and tetra‐ methylbenzenes, acyclic isoprenoids, and naphthalenes were the least depleted. Benzene was detected at every sampling location 30 years after the spill. Degradation of the oil led to increases in the percent organic carbon and in the δ ¹³C of the oil. Another method of determining hydrocarbon loss was by normalizing the total measured hydrocarbon concentrations to that of the most conservative analytes. This method indicated that the total measured hydrocarbons were depleted by 47% to 77% and loss of the oil mass over 30 years was 18% to 31%. Differences in hydrocarbon depletion were related to the depth of the oil in the aquifer, local topography, amount of recharge reaching the oil, availability of electron acceptors, and the presence of less permeable soils above the oil. The results from this study indicate that once crude oil has been in the subsurface for a number of years there is no longer a “starting oil concentration” that can be used to understand processes that affect its fate and the transport of hydrocarbons in groundwater.     

老王寨金矿地面波谱的TM相关研究

老王寨金矿是我国80年代新发现的特大型金矿田。基于岩矿波谱反射率与TM图像亮度线性相关关系,文章用金矿田内典型金矿床地面波谱的实例数据,经回归分析,建立了典型金矿床地面波谱反射率与矿田内TM图像最佳波段的相关模型,据相关模型将TM图像反演成与典型金矿床有关的地空相关图像。老王寨金矿田的TM相关研究表明,在金成矿远景区预测、最佳靶区筛选的应用方面,彩色编码合成的彩色相关图像优于单波段的相关图像。     

供给侧改革与科技创新耦合助推西藏渔业资源养护

由于西藏生态环境脆弱、生态系统结构简单、生产力低下以及高原鱼类生长缓慢、资源补充周期长、对生境高度适应和依赖等特点,高原水域水生生态更容易受到外界的影响.尤其近几十年以来,外来鱼类入侵、水电水利设施的兴建、过度捕捞、水质环境恶化,导致162种青藏高原鱼类中,处于极危、濒危、易危或野外绝灭鱼类就有35种,超过了20%,在雅鲁藏布江中游,常见的6种裂腹鱼类中,有3种鱼类处于濒危状态,因此推动西藏渔业资源养护刻不容缓.供给侧改革和科技创新,将为西藏渔业资源养护注入新的活力.通过科学引导放生行为,规范和加强增殖放流行为,积累和推广本土鱼类繁育技术,密切关注西藏水生态系统,将会推动西藏渔业资源养护工作迈上一个新台阶,也会助推西藏"精准扶贫"进程.     

西藏尼洋河水环境特征多元统计分析

自2008年11月到2009年10月按照月份监测西藏林芝地区尼洋河水环境特征.结果显示,根据Pearson相关性矩阵,可将尼洋河26项理化指标分为3大类,分别是低度相关性理化指标、中度相关性理化指标和高度相关性理化因子.析因分析显示,可将26项理化指标分为4大类,第1类为尼洋河水体常规的理化指标、第2类为尼洋河水体硬度相关指标、第3类为海拔及第4类为影响水生生物生长的水质理化指标.PCA分析发现,平水期、丰水期以及枯水期水环境特征明显不同,以上3期各自聚为一类,而尼洋河沿程方面,水环境特征则不存在差异.构建了尼洋河海拔、底层水温与相关理化因子的一元回归方程.建议加强对尼洋河水环境的监测工作,积极推进尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展进程.