基于反演基岩地震波的场地调整系数估计

基于KiK-net台阵中73个台站的一维土层模型和从不同地震中筛选的262条地表加速度记录,按照峰值加速度的分档标准和场地分类原则,将这些记录分成了28组.采用一维土层地震反应分析的等效线性化方法,反演计算了基岩输入加速度.通过分别计算各组基于有效峰值加速度EPA的场地放大倍数,并得到了各类场地的有效峰值加速度的调整系...     

甘肃及邻区GPS连续站时间序列地震预报效能评估

1 研究背景 地震预测方法或手段的效能评价,是寻找有效的预报方法、选择科学的预报判据,也是进行综合地震预测的重要基础.1989年许绍燮(1989)提出R值评分方法,后经郑兆苾等(2001)、罗兰格(2015)等学者们不断完善而日趋成熟,逐渐成为地震预测领域认可度较高的常规地震效能评价方法之一.     

DNC与ENC的自动转换方法

在深入分析DNC(digital nautical chart)和ENC(electronic nautical chart)的基础上,建立了要素和属性、拓扑和空间的映射关系,给出了映射流程,实现了DNC到ENC的高效、自动转换.与目前转换效果最好的Caris HPD相比,本方法在转换效率和转换效果方面有明显改善.     

基于结构台阵记录的地震响应分析

为了研究土-结构相互作用对高层建筑地震响应数值模拟的影响．选择一栋具有地震观测记录的高层建筑（结构台阵）作为研究对象．利用Abaqus有限元软件和2009年姚安地震加速度记录,并假定了水平成层和有倾角成层的2种土介质模型．进行土-结构动力反应分析。结果表明：有倾角成层土-桩-结构相互作用模型的计算结果与观测资料相比有明显的放大现象,在NS方向体现的更加明显。这说明,就高层建筑的抗震分析而言,土介质模型对计算结果影响很大,在进行地震作用下土-结构地震响应分析时．土层模型应尽可能与真实土层相符。否则其计算结果会产生较大误差。     

Relationships between the soil organic carbon density of surface soils and the influencing factors in differing land uses in Inner Mongolia

Land use patterns are changing and the environment has become more vulnerable in an agro-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia. Modeling studies can be done through studying the relationships between the soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and the influencing factors in differing land uses such as cropland, forest and grassland. Such studies can provide the basis for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and using land resources efficiently. Therefore, the relationships between the SOCD of surface soils and the influencing factors, such as soil type, slope and elevation, were selected for a study in differing land uses of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) The variation in SOCD among the soil types followed the same order in the three land uses: chernozems > meadow soils > bog soils > castanozems > gray-cinnamon soils > eolian soils. The sensitivity of SOCD to land use change was different for the six soil types. Both the degradation of grassland and the application of the government policy of returning forest from cropland induced the greatest variation in SOCD. (2) SOCD correlated significantly with soil type and elevation in each land use. There was a significant correlation between SOCD and slope in the forest. (3) Statistical models showing SOCD and the influencing factors were developed and provided the basis for predicting SOC stocks in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia.     

青藏高原西北缘红其拉莆岩体的岩石成因、时代及其构造意义

青藏高原西北缘的南羌塘地块(班公湖-怒江结合带西段北侧)中发育着规模巨大的白垩纪花岗岩带,红其拉甫岩体是该花岗岩带中典型岩体之一,主要由花岗闪长岩和少量闪长岩组成。结合锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th、U、REE元素特征,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,测得岩体年龄为107.2±0.9Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学特征显示,岩体偏中性,富Al、Ca和K,稀土元素含量低,轻重稀土分馏明显,中等或弱的负铕异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K和LREE),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti和HREE),属于高钾钙碱性准铝质—弱过铝质I型花岗岩。在岩浆演化过程中,部分熔融与结晶分异作用均起重要作用,并发生了以斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿为主的分离结晶作用。岩体的CaO、CaO/Na2O值较高,Nb、Ta亏损、Mg#值较小、相对富钾以及Sr同位素等特征说明岩体源岩应来自下地壳角闪岩相的变玄武岩。根据岩体较低的Y、HREE含量和较高的Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y比值,发育石英与碱性长石的交生结构,以及SiO2对Mg#和Al2O3图解,推测岩浆源区压力>1.5GPa(地壳厚度至少50km),通过对锆石饱和温度的计算和锆石结构、U-Pb同位素分析,得出岩体初始岩浆温度>788℃,这与高Sr低Yb型花岗岩(埃达克岩)的形成温压条件一致,残留相应为石榴子石+角闪石+金红石(无斜长石)。综合区域地质资料分析,该岩体应是与班公湖-怒江洋闭合有关的冈底斯地块与羌塘地块之间的碰撞造山,导致地壳加厚的产物,表明班公湖-怒江洋西部与中东部的闭合时限可能具有一致性。     

城市轨道交通微幅振动对西安南城墙的影响分析

为了评估轨道交通微幅振动对文化遗址的影响,进一步保护古建筑,本文以西安地铁二号线为工程背景,以南门区段古城墙为研究对象,通过建立"基础土层一上部结构"三维空间有限元计算模型,分析了地铁列车振动荷载的数定形式,应用瞬态分析对西安地铁二号线列车振动引起的西安南城墙的动力响应进行了分析。研究了城墙在不同的地铁列车时速作用下、单向隧道地铁和双向隧道地铁振动时的动力特性以及振动衰减规律,分析了具有最不利影响的列车运行状况,为城墙的保护提供依据。     

海量遥感数据的高性能地学计算应用与发展分析

航空及航天遥感器的快速发展,使得多源、多时空分辨率的遥感数据成TB级增长,对海量遥感数据的高性能计算与处理提出了更高的要求。据此,当前的遥感应用已经吸收了新型硬件架构计算、集群计算和分布式计算等高性能计算领域的最新技术。本文针对高性能计算处理海量遥感数据的效率问题,分别从分布式并行遥感文件系统和高性能遥感地学计算模式两个方面来论述该问题的研究进展;在此基础上,列举了当前具有代表性的集群和分布式遥感计算平台/系统,并结合具体实验工作,详细阐述了遥感高性能计算平台gDos-IPM(Geospatial Data Operation System-Image Processing Machine)的设计思路;最后总结了高性能遥感地学计算的发展趋势。     

Disruption of chemotaxis-related genes affects multiple cellular processes and the virulence of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi

Chemotactic motility is involved in the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. In order to understand the role of chemotactic motility of Vibrio harveyi in cellular processes and virulence, mini-Tn10/Kan transposon-induced mutants with deficient chemotactic motility were constructed, screened, and identified. Sequence analysis revealed that the 465-bp fragment (GenBank accession number HM630274) flanking the transposon insertion site in mutant TS-CM1 had the highest identity (96.9%) with a hypothetical protein gene of V. harveyi ATCC BAA-1116 and the second-highest identity (91.8%) with the pgk gene of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633. In another mutant, TS-CM2, 356 bp of transposon-flanking sequence (GenBank accession number HM630275) also showed the highest identity (94.6%) with a hypothetical protein gene of V. harveyi ATCC BAA-1116 and the second-highest identity (92.4%) with the flaB gene of V. alginolyticus HY9901. Studies on virulence-related biological characteristics such as growth,motility, adhesion, and infectivity of themutants showed that disruption of either the flagellin gene or energymetabolism gene led to subsequent loss of chemotactic motility and changes in growth, motility, adhesion, and virulence of the pathogenic V. harveyi. Hence, the flagellin gene and crucial energy metabolism gene played an important role in the chemotacticmotility of V. harveyi.     

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rocky Desertification in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province

Rocky desertification is a serious threat to socioeconomic development and the ecological security of karst areas. The control of rocky desertification has therefore become a major concern of both the Chinese government and local populations living in karst areas. In this paper, we used the national evaluation system for monitoring rocky desertification, and adjusted relevant indices. For example, we improved the system’s base rock exposure index with Normalized Difference Rock index (NDRI), substituted a soil erosion index for soil depth, and from these obtained the categories and spatial distribution of rocky desertification. We also studied the main factors and functional mechanisms of rocky desertification with consideration given to natural geographic conditions such as soil, physiognomy, elevation, slope and river network density, and, also human interference factors such as population density, GDP, population distribution, and from these got spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rocky desertification in Qiandongnan prefecture. Results indicate that the primary soil types of rocky desertification in the research areas include yellow, limestone and paddy soils. These rocky desertification areas are more likely to contain limestone soil than purple soil, and least likely to contain paddy soil. The distribution of moderate or severe rocky desertification in areas with moderate to steep slope is 40%, where sloping agricultural land comprises a large proportion of the total. Rocky desertification is widely distributed in regions with precipitation between 1000-1200 mm, and this precipitation is the main factor causing greater soil erosion in limestone soil base and sloping agricultural areas. Moreover, desertification is closely related to the distribution of residential areas, population density, poverty and sloping agricultural land