脉冲星γ射线辐射光度的分析

本文作者在脉冲星γ射线辐射的极冠模型的基础上，考虑光子在磁层中的级联过程，提出了级联过程中能量转化效率的概念并得出了转化效率公式，分析表明，能量转化效率只和磁场强度有关，与周期无关，考虑能量转化效率，我们计算了极冠模型的γ射线辐射光度，得出了可以和观测值比较的结果，本文结果倾向于支持脉冲星γ射线辐射的极冠模型。     

ESTIMATION OF SOUNDING ABILITY OF A BRILLOUIN LIDAR IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

Vertical profiles of sound speed in the sea can be measured by using laser excited Brillouin scattering. In this paper the dependence of the accuracy of sound speed measurement on the accuracy of the Brillouin shift measurement is analyzed. We calculated the maximum detecting depths of sound speed to an accuracy of 1 m/s by lidar with different laser pulse energy, platform altitude, telescope aperture and lidar effective attenuation coefficient. The estimation of sounding ability in the East China Sea is made in some stations. These data can be used in the design of Brillouin Lidar for the China Sea.     

Acute toxicities of potassium permanganate, formalin, and Lugol’s iodine solution to a marine ciliate, Pleuronema coronatum (ciliophora, scuticociliatida)

Acute toxicities of potassium permanganate, formalin, and Lugol’s iodine solution to a commonly occurred marine ciliate Pleuronema coronatum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) were measured. Linear regression analysis of the results highlighted the close relationships between doses of the medicines and mortalities of the organisms, thus providing a capability to predict toxicity effects from the dose. Toxic effects of the medicines on the ciliates were described in the present paper, and the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ values) were given. Results of measurements indicated that 2 h-LC₅₀ and 12 h-LC₅₀ values of formalin on P. coronatum were 59.00×10⁻⁶ and 43.57×10⁻⁶, while those of Lugol’s solutions were 90.13 and 67.84×10⁻⁶ respectively. The tolerance of P. coronatum to formalin is apparently lower than that to Lugol’s iodine solution and potassium permanganate is a suitable medicine to kill ciliates in short time.     

Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.     

Distributed Source Coding of Hyperspectral Images Based on Three-Dimensional Wavelet

To reduce the possibility of poor efficiency and weak anti-error capability while encoding and transmitting hyperspectral images, we present a distributed source coding scheme for hyperspectral images based on three-dimensional (3D) set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). First, the 3D wavelet transform is performed on the hyperspectral image. Thereafter, the low frequency section is regarded as the Key frame and the high frequency section as the Wyner–Ziv frame to enable independent SPIHT coding through different transmission channels. The Wyner–Ziv encoder uses Turbo channel coding to create high frequency information that reflects the details of the image with better anti-error capacity, while the low frequency information shows the main energy of the image. In this study, we used SPIHT coding to acquire a bit stream with quality scalability. Results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient during coding, while at the same time providing improved anti-error capability and quality scalability of the bit stream.     

无人机摄影测量在矿山尾矿库建设规划的应用

该文以四川省会东县某公司小沟头尾矿库建设规划为研究案例,探究无人机摄影测量技术在该领域的适用性。与传统GPS-RTK测量数据相比,无人机摄影测量的水平和高程中误差为0.311m、0.304m,满足矿山尾矿库建设规划运用需求。通过分析,无人机摄影测量具备以下特性:(1)外业工作时间低于传统测量数倍,工作效率具备明显优势;(2)高精度DOM能更方便地辅助尾矿库周边区域地物识别与标注;(3)地表高程数据受地物直接影响,能真实反映地表起伏;(4)三维可视性强,可辅助实现尾矿库3D规划展示和堆积核算。实验表明,无人机摄影测量技术能有效辅助尾矿库建设规划以及安全风险评价,可为有关管理部门实施矿山合理建设和生产提供技术支撑和执法依据,具备良好市场运用前景。     

Response of runoff to climate change in the area of runoff yield in upstream Shiyang River Basin,Northwest China: A case study of the Xiying River

The objective of this study was to analyze the response of runoff in the area of runoff yield of the upstream Shiyang River basin to climate change and to promote sustainable development of regional water resources and ecological environment. As the biggest tributary of the Shiyang River, Xiying River is the only hydrological station (Jiutiaoling) that has provincial natural river and can achieve long time series monitoring data in the basin. The data obtained from this station is representative of natural conditions because it has little human activites. This study built a regression model through identifying the characteristics of runoff and climate change by using Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test, cumulative anomaly, and correlation analysis. The results show that the average annual runoff is 320.6 million m³/a with the coefficient of variation of 0.18 and shows slightly decrease during 1956–2020. It has a significant positive correlation the average annual precipitation (P<0.01). Runoff is sensitive to climate change, and the climate has becoming warm and wet and annual runoff has entering wet period from 2003. Compared to the earlier period (1955–2000), the increases of average annual temperature, precipitation and runoff in recent two decades were 15%, 9.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. Runoff in the Shiyang River is affected by temperature and precipitation among climate factors, and the simulation results of the runoff-climate response model (R = 0.0052P ? 0.1589T + 2.373) indicate that higher temperature leads to a weakening of the ecological regulation of surface runoff in the flow-producing area.     

Mechanical and microseismic characteristics of sandstones subject to moderate low-frequency differential cyclic loading (DCL) followed by monotonic loading up to failure

Acta Geotechnica - This work aims to experimentally investigate the behaviour of sandstone drilled from an underground coal mine exposed to low-frequency cyclic loading with distinct...     

基于拟静力法的不同地震工况斜坡单元危险性评价方法研究

地震造成斜坡失稳是其引起的最为显著的次生灾害,在小震频发,大震多发的现实背景下,开展不同等级地震作用条件下斜坡危险性评价对区域防灾减灾、地质灾害风险管控及国土空间规划的现实意义日渐凸显。基于拟静力法,根据斜坡所处场地类别和不同超越概率水平地震作用,对其地震动峰值加速度进行调整,确定斜坡不同等级地震作用下的综合水平地震系数,计算不同等级地震作用引起的作用于斜坡重心处的水平和竖向惯性力,以极限平衡法为理论基础,计算不同等级地震作用下斜坡稳定性系数,结合危险性指数法,计算不同等级地震作用下斜坡失稳概率和危险性指数,据此对斜坡不同等级地震作用下的危险性进行划分。结果表明斜坡稳定性系数随地震作用的增强逐渐减小,斜坡失稳概率随地震作用的增强逐渐增大,斜坡危险性指数随地震作用的增强逐渐增大,斜坡危险性亦随地震作用的增强逐渐增大。     

渭河盆地岩石圈热结构模拟及其对地热系统热源机理的启示

深部温度场与岩石圈热结构特征是认识地热系统深部热源机理的重要途径。本文在系统分析渭河盆地及其邻区现今大地热流特征基础上,基于旬邑—西峡宽角反射/折射地震测深剖面揭示的地壳分层结构,采用二维有限元方法,对渭北隆起、渭河盆地以及北秦岭构造带的深部温度场和岩石圈热结构开展数值模拟研究,在此基础上分析渭河盆地地热系统深部热源机理。结果表明,旬邑—西峡剖面上大地热流介于57.6～75.7mW/m²之间,平均为(70.4±4.7)mW/m²;地幔热流在29.5～38.6mW/m²之间,平均值为34.1mW/m²;莫霍面温度变化范围约在600～740℃之间;“热”岩石圈厚度约为95～110km。从渭北隆起—渭河盆地—秦岭造山带,大地热流、莫霍面温度和地幔热流值表现出低→高→低的变化规律,相应地“热”岩石圈厚度则表现出厚→薄→厚的变化趋势。渭河盆地地壳厚度减薄明显,莫霍面温度显著高于渭北隆起和秦岭造山带,暗示着渭河盆地地壳活动性显著。然而,从渭北隆起—渭河盆地—秦岭造山带,“热”岩石圈厚度变化范围不大,且渭河盆地内...