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CO2是引起全球气候变暖的最重要温室气体。大气中过量CO2被海水吸收后将改变海水中碳酸盐体系的组成,造成海水酸化,危害海洋生态环境。本文采用局部近似回归法对2013年12月—2014年11月期间西沙海洋大气CO2浓度连续监测数据进行筛分,得到西沙大气CO2区域本底浓度。结果表明,西沙大气CO2区域浓度具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征。4个季节西沙大气CO2区域本底浓度日变化均表现为白天低、夜晚高,最高值405.39×10-6(体积比),最低值399.12×10-6(体积比)。西沙大气CO2区域本底浓度季节变化特征表现为春季和冬季高,夏季和秋季低。CO2月平均浓度最高值出现在2013年12月,为406.22×10-6(体积比),最低值出现在2014年9月,为398.68×10-6(体积比)。西沙大气CO2区域本底浓度日变化主要受本区域日照和温度控制。季节变化主要控制因素是南海季风和大气环流,南海尤其是北部海域初级生产力变化和海洋对大气CO2的源/汇调节作用。 相似文献
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Previous studies have revealed some common biases in coupled general circulation model’s simulations of the East Asian (EA) winter monsoon (EAWM), including colder surface air temperature and more winter precipitation over the EA region. In this study, we examined 41 fully coupled atmosphere–ocean models from fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), which will be widely used in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and address whether the current state-of-the-art CMIP5 models can characterise the climatology of the East Asian winter monsoon. We also compared the results with the models from third phase of CMIP, which was extensively used in the fourth assessment report of the IPCC. The results show that the cold surface air temperature (SAT) bias is lessened and the precipitation amount decreased with the current CMIP5 models. Moreover, the CMIP5 models performbetter at predicting surface winds and high-level jet streams than the CMIP3 models. Moreover, CMIP5 models show more model consistency in most EAWM parameters, and the interannual variability of the SAT is closer to the observations. We also examined the change in the radiation energy budget in the CMIP5 models and compared with CMIP3 models. Although the improvements are significant, deficiencies still exist in the simulation of the EAWM, e.g., the stronger EA major trough and the stronger zonal sea level pressure gradient. 相似文献
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Weichen Tao Gang Huang Kaiming Hu Hainan Gong Guanhuan Wen Lin Liu 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(1-2):205-226
Based on 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 3 (CMIP3) and 32 CMIP phase 5 (CMIP5) models, a detailed diagnosis was carried out to understand what compose the biases in simulation of the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) and its capacitor effect. Cloud-radiation-SST (CRS) feedback and wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback are the two major atmospheric processes for SST changes. Most CMIP models simulate a stronger CRS feedback and a weaker WES feedback. During boreal fall of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation developing year and the following spring, there are weak biases of suppressed rainfall anomalies over the Maritime Continent and anomalous anticyclone over South Indian Ocean. Most CMIP models simulate reasonable short wave radiation (SWR) and weaker latent heat flux (LHF) anomalies. This leads to a weak bias of atmospheric processes. During winter, however, the rainfall anomalies are stronger due to west bias, and the anomalous anticyclone is comparable to observations. As such, most models simulate stronger SWR and reasonable LHF anomalies, leading to a strong bias of atmospheric processes. The thermocline feedback is stronger in most models. Though there is a deep bias of climatology thermocline, most models capture reasonable sea surface height-induced SST anomalies. Therefore, the effect of oceanic processes offset the weak bias of atmospheric processes in spring, and the tropical Indian Ocean warming persists into summer. However, anomalous northwest Pacific (NWP) anticyclone is weaker due to weak and west bias of the capacitor effect. The unrealistic western Pacific SST anomalies in models favor the westward extension of Rossby wave from the Pacific, weakening the effect of Kelvin wave from the Indian Ocean. Moreover, the western Pacific warming forces the NWP anticyclone move farther north than observations, suggesting a major forcing from the Pacific. Compared to CMIP3, CMIP5 models simulate the feedbacks more realistically and display less diversity. Thus, the overall performance of CMIP5 models is better than that of CMIP3 models. 相似文献
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利用半咸淡水塘栽培细基江繁枝变种,已成为海水养殖事业中的重要组成部分。但目前遇到最难处理的问題是故害藻类的緣藻类浒苔大量繁殖,严重地影响了江篱的生产。为了清除浒苔,文章作者在海南省海口市附近的水塘中进行了用百草枯清除浒苔的试验。结果证明在放干水的塘底直接用3‰-6‰的百草枯溶液噴撤在江篱和浒苔藻体上,一小时后,再放进海水,则浒苔全部死亡,而江篱仍然很茂盛地生长。 相似文献
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利用面波层析技术分析了该区地壳上地幔的三维构造。地壳上层的速度分布具有以海域中心为轴,东西两侧对称的特点,总体呈NE向展布,同结晶基底的构造对应良好。东海与黄海的构造差异主要表现在下地壳与上地幔,分别与华北和华南的速度结构相同。从杭州湾到吐噶喇海峡(大约沿30°N纬线)存在一条近EW走向的上地幔高速带。东海与黄海在地貌与地质、地震活动、大地热流、品质因数和重磁异常等方面存在系统性的差异,这与早第四纪从杭州湾到吐噶喇海峡出现的左旋剪切破裂以及贝尼奥失带的右旋撕裂有关。作者推断:东海是新生代弧后扩张作用而形成的;大巴-大别山南麓-杭州湾-吐噶喇海峡是华北与华南地壳块体的分界线,琉球海沟的消减带是华南地壳块体的东界;东亚的现代构造运动,主要与太平洋板块、印度板块和上地幔的运动有关,而菲律宾板块的俯冲对中国大陆的作用较小。 相似文献
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工程中所遇到的土体大多数以非饱和土形态存在。以海南地区的特殊土红粘土为研究对象,在对其进行土—水特性研究的基础上,认为Van Genuchten模型较好地反映了海南红粘土饱和度与基质吸力的关系。结合Bishop提出的非饱和土的有效应力表达式,分析了降雨及蒸发下地裂缝的发展机制。通过数值算例发现,在非饱和土中,静止土压力系数不再保持不变,而是随着深度和稳定流流量的变化而变化,与饱和土中的静止土压力系数的性质有很大不同,这在工程实际中对支挡结构的设计具有重要的指导意义;在非饱和土中,由于静止土压力系数存在负值,容易产生地裂缝,且在蒸发条件下,最大地裂缝深度理论上比在无渗流和降雨条件下的大。 相似文献