Identification of water quality and zooplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 2001 to 2004

Data collected from 12 marine monitoring stations in Daya Bay from 2001 to 2004 reveal a substantial change in ecological environment in this region. Cluster analysis based on water quality and zooplankton results divided stations into three clusters: Cluster I consisted of stations S1, S2 and S6 in the south part of Daya Bay; Cluster II consisted of stations S3, S8 and S11 in the cage culture areas in the southwest part, the northwest part near Aotou harbor and the northeast part near the Fanhe harbor of Daya Bay; Cluster III consisted of stations S4, S5, S7, S9, S10 and S12 that were in southwest, the middle and northeast parts of Daya Bay. Bivariate correlations between zooplankton biomass and the major physical and nutrient variables were evaluated for all stations. The zooplankton biomass in all stations correlated positively with salinity, pH, secchi, NO₃-N, NH₄-N, TIN/PO₄-P and SiO₃-Si/PO₄-P, and negatively correlated with temperature, DO, COD, NO₂-N and TIN, PO₄-P, SiO₃-Si and BOD₅. Factors analysis shows high positive loading salinity, secchi and NH₄-N of three clusters, which indicates that all stations of the three clusters were primarily grouped according to their respective nutrient conditions. The results of multivariate statistical analysis revealed that temperature, DO, TIN and BOD₅ could also play an important role in determining the biomass of the zooplankton in Daya Bay, especially in the stations near the nuclear power plants and in the cage culture areas.     

PLC系统的防雷保护

为防御和减轻雷电对工业用PLC系统造成的损害,需要对该系统进行防雷保护。首先介绍了PLC系统的基本概念,然后从直击雷、屏蔽、接地、等电位连接、安装浪涌保护器等几个方面阐述如何对PLC系统进行防雷保护。     

柴达木盆地盐湖区盐生植物根土复合体抗剪强度试验研究

本研究选取柴达木盆地内大柴旦盐湖南岸5种优势草本盐生植物, 即赖草(Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel.)、海韭菜(Triglochin maritimum L.)、毛穗赖草(Leymus paboanus (Claus) Pilger)、芦苇(Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)、无脉苔草(Carex enervis C. A. Mey.)等作为试验供试种, 采用由地表向下分层制取根-土复合体试样的方法, 分别对区内5种植物根-土复合体和不含根系素土试样进行了直剪试验. 试验结果表明, 根-土复合体的粘聚力c值由地表向下呈逐渐降低趋势, 且赖草、毛穗赖草、无脉苔草3种草本植物平均粘聚力c值由表层的14.83 kPa逐渐降至下层的6.23 kPa, 海韭菜、芦苇2种草本植物平均粘聚力c值则由表层的15.62 kPa逐渐降至下层的11.83 kPa; 根-土复合体的粘聚力c值由表层至下层呈逐渐降低, 其主要与根-土复合体中的根面积比和含根量由表层至下层呈逐渐降低具有密切关系; 5种草本植物根-土复合体内的摩擦角φ值未表现出一定的规律性. 根-土复合体在50 kPa、100 kPa、200 kPa、300 kPa垂直压力下的抗剪强度均大于相应素土的抗剪强度, 与不含根素土相比, 5种草本根系在地表以下的上层、中层、下层等3层对土体粘聚力增幅为40.7%~875.6%, 体现了5种草本植物对浅层土体具有显著加筋作用.     

基于Java Applet的网络地图服务平台设计与实现

利用网络作为信息发布平台,已成为数字地图与GIS发展的重要研究方向。主要论述网络环境下建立地图服务平台的设计思路与总体结构设计。基于Java语言,从底层实现基于Socket协议连接的服务器端与客户端地图数据的组织、传输与数据可视化表达,实现网络地图发布平台并成功运用到某系统中。     

乌鲁木齐地区近期地壳水平形变初步研究

根据乌鲁木齐地区 2 0 0 0年、2 0 0 1年两期 GPS网资料及其它资料处理结果 ,讨论了乌鲁木齐现阶段应变场及监测区的断层水平运动情况。分析结果认为乌鲁木齐地区地壳整体主要受 NW方向的主压应力作用 ,乌鲁木齐测区大部分 GPS观测点以乌鲁木齐红山观测点为中心呈顺时针方向运动。     

顾及平面特征的车载激光扫描系统外参数标定法

激光扫描仪外参数的标定是获取高精度三维地理信息数据的前提和保障。传统标定方法大多需布设特定的检校场、人工采集检校点,求解过程计算量较大。基于此,本文提出通过采集不同车行方向的同一区域的点云数据,提取平面特征数据并进行平面特征数据的自动化配准,对多个不同角度的平面特征的共同检校,实现三维空间中不同车行方向采集的相同地物点云的重合,最终完成系统外参数的标定的方法。试验结果显示,该方法对车载激光扫描系统外参数的标定实现了自动化,减少人工参与且达到了较高的检校精度。     

粤东莲花山地区多期岩浆锆石年代学、Hf同位素组成及其成矿作用

粤东莲花山地区位于我国东南沿海火山岩发育区,是我国重要的钨金成矿远景区。通过对该地区各类花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成和微量元素研究,结果表明：莲花山地区的岩浆活动至少存在3期,其中石英闪长玢岩形成于中侏罗世（（168.0±2.2）Ma）,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于早白垩世早期（（137.5±1.9）Ma）,石英斑岩形成于早白垩世晚期（（102.0±1.5）Ma和（98.7±1.8）Ma）;岩石以钙碱性铝质-强过铝质岩浆为主,石英斑岩和流纹斑岩与成矿关系密切;各类岩浆锆石的¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf值均低于0.002,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值大多数小于0.282 7,ε_Hf（t）值大多数处于-2.57~1.00之间,f_Lu-Hf值为-0.99~-0.95,二阶段模式年龄主要介于1.00~0.81 Ga之间,指示成岩物质来源主要来自新元古代古老下地壳变质泥岩和变质砂岩部分熔融,有少量幔源物质加入;锆石结晶温度大多处于650~750℃之间,岩石为I型花岗岩。莲花山地区不同阶段的岩浆活动和成矿作用与区域构造转换事件相关,虽缺少高精度成矿年龄对成矿时限的限制,但根据地质事实和本次研究认为该地区主要的钨金成矿时间应略晚于石英斑岩的形成时间（（102.0~98.7）Ma）。     

中肋骨条藻与微小亚历山大藻间的他感作用研究

在f/2全营养培养条件下,采用共培养以及滤液交叉培养的方法研究了中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)之间的竞争作用,结果表明: 微小亚历山大藻指数生长后期的无藻细胞滤液对中肋骨条藻的生长没有抑制作用,但中肋骨条藻滤液明显抑制了微小亚历山大藻的生长,且抑制作用随着中肋骨条藻滤液比例的增大而增大,他感作用是影响这两种微藻间竞争的重要方式之一;通过向培养基中添加自他感物质标准品15S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid (15(S)-HEPE)考察其对中肋骨条藻自身以及微小亚历山大藻生长的影响,发现15(S)-HEPE在中肋骨条藻滤液中并不是能够抑制微小亚历山大藻生长的他感物质,今后应进一步深入分析中肋骨条藻释放的抑制微小亚历山大藻生长的他感物质。     

三价钛还原法分析硝酸根氮氧同位素的方法研究

本研究利用三价钛还原法将标准样品、海水、湖水和雨水中硝酸根转化为N₂O测试其氮氧同位素值,并优化实验条件（NO^-₃浓度、试剂量、反应时间和温度等）。结果表明：4 cm³硝酸根水样（浓度约为20 μmol/dm³）,加入100 mm³TiCl₃溶液（浓度为150 g/dm³）,25 ℃反应24 h,NO^-₃还原为N₂O的平均转化率为86.3%（n=5）。5种丰度硝酸根氮氧同位素标样校准曲线斜率分别为0.947和0.617,相关系数R²分别为0.999和0.994;方法检出限的NO^-3浓度为2.5 μmol/dm³,其δ¹⁵N的标准偏差小于0.7‰(n=5),δ¹⁸O_VSMOW值的标准偏差小于2.5‰(n=5);20 μmol/dm³硝酸根样品δ¹⁵N的标准偏差小于0.5‰（n=5),δ¹⁸O_VSMOW值的标准偏差小于1.0‰（n=5）。该方法测定3种不同类型水样δ¹⁵N的标准偏差分别为0.3‰、0.6‰和0.5‰;δ¹⁸O_VSMOW的标准偏差分别为2.1‰、2.0‰和1.6‰。三价钛还原法分析水体中硝酸根氮氧同位素操作步骤简单,测试效率高,但氧同位素结果需要系统校正。     

Discrimination of different sea ice types from CryoSat-2 satellite data using an Object-based Random Forest (ORF)

Abstract

Sea ice type is one of the most sensitive variables in Arctic sea ice monitoring, and it is important for the retrieval of ice thickness. In this study, we analyzed various waveform features that characterize the echo waveform shape and Sigma0 (i.e., backscatter coefficient) of CryoSat-2 synthetic aperture radar altimeter data over different sea ice types. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute operational ice charts were input as reference. An object-based random forest (ORF) classification method is proposed with overall classification accuracy of 90.1%. Accuracy of 92.7% was achieved for first-year ice (FYI), which is the domain ice type in the Arctic. Accuracy of 76.7% was achieved at the border of FYI and multiyear ice (MYI), which is better than current state-of-the-art methods. Accuracy of 83.8% was achieved for MYI. Results showed the overall accuracy of the ORF method was increased by ～8% in comparison with other methods, and the classification accuracy at the border of FYI and MYI was increased by ～10.5%. Nevertheless, ORF classification performance might be influenced by the selected waveform features, snow loading, and the ability to distinguish sea ice from leads.