Spectral energy distributions for TeV blazars

In this work, we collected a sample of 69 TeV blazars from TeVCat, obtained their multiwavelength observations, and fitted their spectral energy distributions by using a second degree polynomial function. The structure parameters of synchrotron bumps for 68 blazars and those of inverseCompton bumps for 56 blazars were derived. Then, we conducted statistical analysis on the parameters(curvature, peak frequency, peak luminosity, bolometric luminosity and X/γ-ray spectral indexes).From our analysis and discussions, we can conclude the following:(1) There is a clear positive correlation between the synchrotron peak frequency, log ν_p~s, and the inverse-Compton peak frequency, log ν_p~(IC),and between the synchrotron peak luminosity, log ν_p~sL_(νp)~s, and the inverse-Compton peak luminosity,log ν_p~(IC)L_(νp)~(IC).(2) The correlation between the peak frequency and the curvature of synchrotron bump is clearly different from that of the inverse-Compton bump, which further indicates that there are different emission mechanisms between them.(3) There is a correlation between log νIC pand γ-ray spectral index, α_γ, for the TeV blazars: log ν_p~(IC)=-(4.59 ± 0.30)α_γ+(32.67 ± 0.59), which is consistent with previous work.(4) An "L-shape" relation is found between log ν_p~s and α_X for both TeV blazars and Fermi blazars. A significant correlation between log νs pand X-ray photon index(α_X) is found for the TeV blazars with high synchrotron peak frequency: log ν_p~s=-(3.20 ± 0.34)α_X+(24.33 ± 0.79),while the correlation is positive for low synchrotron peaked TeV sources.(5) In the αX-αγdiagram,there is also an "L-shape." The anti-correlation is consistent with results available in the literature, and we also find a positive correlation between them.(6) Inverse-Compton dominant sources have luminous bolometric luminosities.     

可视化水下航行体控制系统数学仿真软件设计

提供一种水下航行体控制系统数学仿真软件的设计方案,在该仿真软件平台上可以完成水下航行体控制系统数学仿真研究、水下航行体水动力参数辨识实验和实航内测数据及仿真实验结果三维可视化显示。详细设计了该软件包含的 4 大模块：水下航行体数学模型及仿真模型模块、控制算法模块、流体动力参数辨识模块和图形界面人机交互模块,并对仿真模型的配置做了简单介绍。     

前言

人类对地球上生物多样性起源和演化的认识经历了三个重要阶段.第一阶段,科学家通过对生物外部特征(即表型,phenotype)的观察和分析,获得了对地球上生物多样性的初步认识,并探索了生物物种的地理分布格局及物种的演化规律.在此阶段,英国科学家华莱士根据生物多样性的分布格局,提出了区分物种地理分布的"华莱士线"(Walla...     

The role of mindanao dome in the variability of the Pacific North equatorial current bifurcation

The Mindanao Dome (MD) features prominent oceanic variability and is located geographically close to the bifurcation latitude Y _b of the Pacific North Equatorial Current. In this study, the role of the MD in the variability of Y _b is examined with 20 years of satellite altimetric sea surface height (SSH) data and a 1.5-layer linear Rossby wave model. It is shown that the seasonal variations of surface Y _b are related to not only the SSH fluctuations near the bifurcation point (bifurcation box; 125°–130°E, 12°–15°N) but also those outstanding in the MD region (MD box; 127°–132°E, 6°–9°N). The impact of the MD SSH changes is significant when the bifurcation point stays at southerly latitudes during February–September, which hinders (delays) the southward leap (northward retreat) of Y _b in April–May (July–August) and thus leads to the asymmetry of the mean Y _b seasonal cycle (with a positive skewness of γ = +0.64). Such asymmetry also shows year-to-year variations depending on yearly mean Y _b value. A southerly yearly mean Y _b involves larger contribution of the MD and thus causes larger asymmetry of Y _b seasonal cycle. At interannual and longer timescales, the MD acts to amplify the fluctuations of the bifurcation. It is responsible for about 20 % of the total low-frequency Y _b variances and plays an important role in the 0.12° year^?1 southward trend of Y _b in the past two decades. The impact of the MD on Y _b changes is becoming increasingly significant at various timescales such as the bifurcation point migrating southward in recent years.     

电活化硫酸盐处理四环素类废水的研究

本文构建以掺硼金刚石(Boron-doped diamond,BDD)为阳极、不锈钢为阴极、硫酸盐为电解质的电化学体系,考察了电流密度、pH值、硫酸盐浓度以及初始四环素浓度等四个因素对电化学氧化降解废水中四环素的影响,运用响应曲面法对运行参数进行优化;通过电子自旋共振检测技术分析电化学反应中产生的自由基,探究了间歇通电模式下电化学体系持续氧化机理。结果表明,四个因素对TOC去除率的影响大小次序为:电流密度>初始四环素浓度>初始pH值>硫酸盐浓度,其中初始pH值和硫酸盐浓度与电流密度和初始四环素浓度的交互作用对TOC去除率的影响较为显著;最佳运行参数为pH值为5,电流密度为100 mA·cm^-2,硫酸盐浓度为0.25 mol·L^-1,初始四环素浓度为1000 mg·L^-1;间歇通电模式下,BDD电极表面产生的SO₄^·-等高活性物质间相互转化提供了体系的可持续氧化能力。该研究结果为电化学氧化技术的实际应用提供了节省能耗的有效途径。     

This issue overview

正Electrical and electromagnetic method Wang et al.present an anomalous principal component decomposition method based on the Stratton-Chu integral.The airwaves and sea layers can be separated from the anomalous field,eliminating the airwave effect.The method is implemented in integral transform form,making it a robust processing method,is particularly effective for removing the effect of the entire sea layer.     

Indicator of Favorable Sedimentary Facies and Shale Enrichment in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

<正>1 Introduction The organic-rich shale in Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin is marine sedimentary strata,and it has large thickness and rich resources.Therefore,it is one of the most important parts in unconventional oil and gas reservoir exploration.Eastern Sichuan area is located     

Fluid unmixing/immiscibility as an ore-forming process in the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolian, China: Evidence from fluid inclusions

The giant Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit consists of replacement bodies hosted in dolomite marble made up of magnetite, REE fluorocarbonates, fluorite, aegirine, amphibole, calcite and barite. Two or three phase CO₂-rich, three phase hypersaline liquid–vapor–solid, and two phase liquid-rich inclusions have been recognized in mineralized fluorite and quartz samples. Microthermometry measurements indicate that the carbonic phase in CO₂-rich inclusions is nearly pure CO₂. Fluids involving in REE–Nb–Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be mainly of H₂O–CO₂–NaCl–(F–REE) system. Coexistences of brine inclusions and CO₂-rich inclusions with similar homogenization temperatures give evidence that immiscibility happened during REE mineralization. An unmixing of an original H₂O–CO₂–NaCl fluid probably derived from carbonatitic magma. The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in fluid inclusions shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE, and therefore, have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.     

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.     

耕作措施对陕西耕作土壤碳储量的影响模拟*

鉴于农业生态系统土壤有机碳(SOC)平衡对中国农业可持续发展的重要性,文章以陕西农业生态系统为对象,整合农业生物地球化学模型(DNDC)与陕西农业地理信息系统数据库,利用陕西地区气象和作物资料,对陕西省2000年作物生长发育和土壤碳循环进行了模型模拟,实例探讨了耕作管理对土壤碳储量的影响,并由此评价生物地球化学模型在气候变化、土壤性质及农业耕作管理措施对土壤碳含量影响方面的预测能力。敏感性分析表明土壤性状,尤其是初始有机碳含量是影响模型区域尺度模拟的最主要敏感因素。区域模拟使用灵敏系数分析法,分别采用敏感因子的最大、最小值驱动模型在每一模拟单元内的运算,以产生一个土壤有机碳变化的范围值,土壤有机碳变化的真实值应以较大机率包含在这一范围内。分析模拟结果可以得出3点结论: 1)2000年陕西耕作土壤总有机碳储量约为103TgC,是一个大气CO₂源,向大气释放碳0.5TgC; 2)提高作物秸秆还田率是提高陕西农田碳库储量的有效可行措施,将作物秸秆还田率从当前的15 ％ 提高到50 ％ 或90 ％ 会使陕西农田土壤从大气CO₂源转变为汇,每年分别增加土壤有机碳库储量0.7TgC或2.1TgC; 3)施用有机农肥(500kg/hm²)也会增加土壤碳输入,从而提高土壤碳储量,使陕西农田系统转变为较弱的碳(C)源,每年可多固定0.2TgC。