Heavy metals in particulate and colloidal matter from atmospheric deposition of urban Guangzhou,South China

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colloidal matter (COM) in annual dry and wet deposition samples in urban Guangzhou were for the first time collected, and their trace metals were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposition flux of SPM and of metal elements varied largely among the investigated seasons, and reached the maximum in spring. The correlation analysis indicated that significant correlations existed among some of the metal elements in the deposition samples. The enrichment factors (EF) of metals in COM in the deposition ranging from 79.66 to 130,000 were much higher than those of SPM ranging from 1.65 to 286.48, indicating the important role of COM. The factor analysis showed that emissions from street dust, non-ferrous metal production, and heavy fuel oil were major sources of the trace metals. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to quantitatively estimate anthropogenic source.     

Linking local ecological outcomes with basin-wide water planning: a case study of Yanga National Park,an important Australian inland forested wetland

Abstract

Maintaining and restoring the ecological integrity of floodplains remains a priority for many Australian federal and state government agencies. The Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) introduced the Proposed Basin Plan 2012, the Australian government’s latest basin-scale water planning instrument to promote a healthy, working river system. The proposal seeks to limit surface water (consumptive) use to 10 873 GL year^-1 on a long-term average. The controversy prompted by this proposed reduction has underscored a need for rigorous and transparent modelling of ecological benefits. In this paper, we investigate the likely ecological outcomes of the proposal for Yanga National Park, one of the most significant environmental assets in the Murray-Darling Basin, using a decision support system. Our results indicate that the proposal will increase the inundation extent with a 33% (or 7000 ha) increase in median flood. The increase in inundation would improve the hydrological conditions in most wetlands in terms of the frequency and duration of events and inter-flood dry periods and enhance the habitat quality for a range of biota, though benefits are not distributed evenly across the wetland.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor M. Acreman

Citation Wen, L. and Saintilan, N., 2014. Linking local ecological outcomes with basin-wide water planning: a case study of Yanga National Park, an important Australian inland forested wetland. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 904–915.     

新疆于田两次7.3级地震之后南北地震带Benioff应变比分布特征研究

In view of the correlation between tectonic activity and seismicity, the strong earthquake risk in the North-South Seismic Belt aroused wide concern after the 2014 Yutian Ms7. 3 earthquake. Using the seismic catalog of the China Earthquake Networks Center, the Benioff strain ratio in the North-South Seismic Belt is calculated in 30 days before and after the March 21, 2008 and February 12, 2014 Yutian Ms7. 3 earthquakes. Results show that in a year after the 2008 Yutian Ms7. 3 earthquake, M 〉 5. 0 earthquakes all occurred near the high strain ratio area or the junction between the low and high strain ratio areas, the activity of strong earthquakes obviously coincides with the high strain ratio area, which indicates that these areas have a higher stress level. The Yutian earthquakes promoted the release of small earthquakes in the high stress areas. This research is of certain indicating significance to the study of subsequent strong earthquakes of this region.     

土工动力离心模型试验中物理破坏模拟比较及关键问题

针对土工动力离心模型试验中模型与原型在动力响应和动力破坏模拟两个不同层次的相似程度。首先分析总结离心模型试验在动力响应模拟、动力破坏模拟两个方面的研究发展现状;然后分析这两种模拟模型中的相似比尺的实现要求、特点和区别;最后,针对抗滑模型桩和地铁模型,分析推导动力离心模型在动力响应模拟和动力破坏模拟中具体的模型理论比尺关系和关键问题,进一步指出目前土工动力离心模型试验研究存在的一些问题和发展方向。分析结果表明,针对模型与原型的相似比尺关系,动力破坏模拟模型的相似条件远比动力响应模拟模型的相似条件要求更为严格,这也是动力破坏模拟模型能够揭示岩土结构原型破坏的根本原因。     

江苏高邮—宝应MS4.9地震强震动观测与记录分析

2012年7月20日江苏高邮—宝应交界处发生MS4.9地震,对江苏省数字强震动台网43个台站获取的强震记录进行初步分析得出,地震的最大水平向加速度为33.76 cm/s2,并计算地震的仪器烈度,得出烈度分布等值线图,与地震现场实际调查的烈度分布情况基本一致。     

营口地区数值预报降水产品定量检验和预报指标研究

选取2010年8月至2011年7月天气在线、日本传真图、美国全球预报系统（以下简称GFS）、以及T639等数值预报降水预报产品,采用统计学方法和天气学方法,按照预报时效、预报降水量级、影响系统等不同方面对营口地区的降水预报产品进行检验分析,以便更好的利用数值产品做好降水预报,提高营口地区的降水预报准确率。结果表明：从整体角度看各种数值预报产品预报准确率随时间变化逐渐降低,但天气在线和GFS预报效果相对较好且稳定,日本传真图次之,T639稳定性最差;各种数值预报产品均存在预报偏小的情况,特别是对暴雨的预报效果均不太理想,稳定性差、量级偏小;小雨量级降水空报和漏报明显;各种数值预报产品对高空槽和冷涡漏报情况较明显,主要为小雨量级。     

ShakeMap在2014年于田7.3级地震快速损失评估中的应用

本文介绍了2014年2月12日新疆于田Ms7.3级地震的震害特征,将改进的ShakeMap烈度图成功地运用到了于田7.3级地震的快速损失评估中.结果表明,考虑了场地效应的ShakeMap烈度图明显优于当前“十五”应急指挥系统的衰减关系模型的烈度图,能更好地为地震灾害损失评估服务,其快速评估的结果更接近官方公布的数据.因此,应用ShakeMap技术在震害损失快速评估中,能显著地提高评估结果的准确性.     

Effect of a thermokarst lake on soil physical properties and infiltration processes in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typically developing thermokarst lake was chosen as a subject for a study using model simulation based on observations of soil physical properties, infiltration processes, and soil moisture. The results showed that the selected thermokarst lake imposed certain changes on the soil infiltration processes and, with the degree of impact intensifying, the initial infiltration rate decreased. The greatest reduction was achieved in the area of moderate impact. However, the stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration gradually increased in the surface layer at a depth of 10 and 20 cm, both decreasing initially and then increasing, which is correlated significantly with soil textures. Moreover, the cumulative infiltration changed in line with steady infiltration rate. Based on a comparative analysis, the Horton model helps better understand the effect on the soil infiltration processes of the cold alpine meadow close to the chosen thermokarst lake. In conclusion, the formation of the thermokarst lake reduced the water holding capacity of the alpine meadow soil and caused the hydraulic conductivity to increase, resulting in the reduction of runoff capacity in the area of the thermokarst lake.     

非连续变形岩石断裂分析中的一种全长剪切锚杆

锚杆从锚固方式上可划分两种：端部锚固方式和全长锚固方式。全长锚固锚杆作为工程支护中的一种重要锚杆类型,具有广泛的应用前景。非连续变形分析（DDA）以及在此基础上发展的非连续变形的岩石断裂分析（DDARF）方法中锚杆为端锚形式,且只考虑了锚杆的轴向作用,而忽略了锚杆作用力对锚固岩体的侧向限制。为了更好地理解锚杆的支护机制,考虑锚杆的剪切作用,提出了DDARF中一种新的锚固形式--全长剪切锚杆支护形式。用改进的全长剪切锚杆支护方法对一公路隧道稳定性进行了分析,并与端锚支护形式进行了对比,结果表明,提出的全长剪切锚杆支护方法是有效的,锚固效果比端锚支护更好。