黔东铜仁地区寒武系热液白云岩特征及其成矿意义*

黔东铜仁地区寒武系清虚洞组和娄山关组中分布有多处热液白云岩,其形态包括块状、透镜状、角砾状等。通过露头及薄片观察、流体包裹体温度测定、稀土元素和锶同位素分析,笔者探讨了研究区不同类型热液白云岩的形成机制、热液性质与来源及其与铅锌成矿作用的关系。结果表明: (1)热液白云岩由中粗晶-巨晶鞍状白云石组成,形成温度为96~223 ℃,平均为155.86 ℃;盐度为8.28~16.15 wt% NaCl,平均为12.30wt% NaCl;具有轻稀土富集和Ce负异常特征,LREE/HREE为16.51,δCe为0.79, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr为0.708662。(2)块状和透镜状热液白云岩形成于交代作用较完全的环境,角砾状热液白云岩可能形成于水力破裂作用;白云石化流体可能来自包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层,断层和裂缝为其运移通道。(3)白云石化流体与区域铅锌成矿流体温度、盐度和地球化学特征相近,来源相同或相似;热液白云岩中含有少量成矿物质,应形成于铅锌主成矿期前后。     

中天山地块暗色岩墙LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征

中天山地块发育有大量的暗色岩墙,主要走向为北北西。对中天山暗色岩墙进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得的年龄为304.8±1.5Ma,表明其形成于晚石炭世。这些暗色岩墙具有较高的Si O2,较低的Mg、Cr、Ni含量。它们富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),显示俯冲相关特征。上述特征暗示,中天山暗色岩墙可能是由俯冲板片流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的。这一发现表明,准噶尔洋的闭合应该发生在晚石炭世之后。     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

安徽巢湖—滁州地区中生代构造变形特征

安徽巢湖—滁州地区位于张八岭冲断带的南东侧 ,中生代构造活动十分强烈。早印支期 ,区内以北东—北北东向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造变形为特征 ,形成区内主体构造格架 ,为下扬子构造带的组成部分 ;晚印支期以近南北向挤压作用为主 ,形成北西西—近东西向叠加褶皱构造。燕山期 ,受郯庐断裂构造活动的影响 ,区内断裂活动加剧 ,形成多期不同性质的脆性断裂及其所控制的沉积盆地 (拗陷 )。     

东昆仑山南缘大型转换挤压构造带和斜向俯冲作用

东昆仑地体和巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体之间的会聚边界是一条位于东昆仑南缘的大型转换挤压构造带。研究表明该带的东段（阿尼玛卿段）和西段（东－西大滩段）构造特征不同,阿尼玛卿段的构造以印支期具往南西造山极性的逆冲叠覆岩片和新生代脆性左行走滑构造为特征,东－西大滩段是由220Ma形成的EW向韧性左行走滑剪切带及两则伴生的挤压褶皱断裂带组成,韧性变形持续至20Ma,之后表现为脆性左行走滑构造再活动。因此,东昆仑南缘大型会聚带是一条由东段的“收缩挤压”为主向西段的“转换挤压”逐渐过度的特殊复杂的构造带,它的形成与巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体往NE方向斜向俯冲于东昆仑地体之下有关。     

MAPGIS下重磁数据直接成图的实现及意义

作者在文中介绍了通过编制QBASIC小程序实现两种常见格式重磁数据直接生成MAPGIS图形文件的方法，为其它类似格式数据在MAPGIS下成图及建库提供可借鉴的思路和途径。     

Estimation of statistical parameters for censored lognormal hydraulic conductivity measurements

Field tests of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., injection test, pumping test, etc.) in low permeability formations are subject to censoring due to the detection limit of the instruments used. An iterative method of estimating the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data with a presumed log-normal distribution function is presented. This method accounts for the data that are actually below the lower detection limit (called truncated data) and thus gives distribution parameters that are more representative for the underlying distribution. The proposed method is then tested on two simulated normally distributed random datasets having different variances. The results show that the means and variances estimated by the proposed method are very accurate. Finally, the method is used to estimate the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data from single hole water injection tests in a fractured geological formation.     

多频测深初探

在频率域测深的基础上,提出了多频测深方法,实现一机多频同时观测的目的,以提高观测速度。本文讨论了多频观测方法的理论依据及工作特点,并提示实现这种观测的方案。     

中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中的流体组成及其碳,氧同位素地球化学特征

利用热分解质谱法测定了中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中流体挥发分的组成,并对不同温度段释放出的ＣＯ２气体测定了Ｃ,Ｏ同位素值,流体组成和ＣＯ２的Ｃ,Ｏ同位素值表明中国东部上地幔源区的不均一性,与其中所含幔源岩捕体相比,碱性玄武岩浆发育在相对氧化的环境中,并有外来流体组分的加入。     

新疆地区13000年来的气候序列初探

本文根据新疆地区全新世地层的年代标尺,黄土、湖泊和河流沉积物记录的环境变迁信息,以及古土壤和炭化层等所反映的古气候变化做了综合分析,对新疆地区13000年来的气候序列初步概括为:13000—10000aB.P.冷湿转凉干;10000—8000aB.P.,温干;8000—7000aB.P.,温湿;7000—6000aB.P.,暖干;6000—4000aB.P.,温湿;4000—3000aB.P.,温干;3000—2000a.B P.,凉湿;2000aB.P.至今,温干(1500aB.P.左右有凉湿的波动),与现代气候类似。