Highway flood disaster risk evaluation and management in China

Flood disaster has become one of the most damaging natural disasters for the highway transportation all around the world, especially its destructive effects on highway infrastructures. In order to better understand the ruinous influence of flood disaster on highway transportation in China, this paper proposes an alternative evaluation index of highway flood disaster risk from three aspects, namely the disaster-causing factors, disaster-inducing environment, and disaster-bearing subjects. This paper also puts forward some targeted suggestions for the risk management, including two aspects: physical protection measurement and organization and management measurement. Moreover, this paper develops a highway flood disaster risk management system by using the ArcGIS technology.     

基于多尺度、多图幅地理空间基础的输电信息系统的研究与实践

正确、及时、全面地获取输电网络的各种资源信息,并加以提炼、分析,实现输电管理部门间的协同工作和信息共享,为管理者和决策者提供辅助决策依据,从而保障输电网络安全、高效地运行,提高企业的综合经济效益,降低电网运行维护中的损耗[1]。本文提出了采用C/S+B/S两种开发模式相结合的混合体系结构作为系统的总体解决方案。以ESR I公司的ArcG IS系列产品作为基础的GIS开发系统,以.NET的核心语言C#作为系统的最终开发语言。同时,功能强大的数据库软件Oracle和空间数据库引擎ArcSDE为系统统一协调、并发处理以及共享分布各种信息提供了可靠的保障。该系统具有界面友好、方便实用、安全稳定、兼容性强、伸缩性强和可扩展性强等优点。该系统已推广和应用到部分地市,具有极其广阔的推广应用前景。     

A simple and effective model for Jones matrix to evaluate the transmission performance of Savart polariscope

Starting from the wave normal tracing treatment in the Savart polariscope that relates the Jones matrix to its transmission performance, this paper establishes a simple and effective model for the Jones matrix at an arbitrary incidence in the spatial domain. Analytical expressions of all the matrix components are determined with the consideration of all the main impact factors. This model needs only a few parameters hence it is convenient to be employed to evaluate the propagation performance of any birefringent optical system. The simulated results obtained with it demonstrate that this model gives a precise representation of the characteristic of light propagation in the Savart polariscope. This would provide useful suggestions for the design, calibration, and performance improvement of any other birefringent polarisation element and optical system.     

Highway flood disaster risk evaluation and management in China

Flood disaster has become one of the most damaging natural disasters for the highway transportation all around the world, especially its destructive effects on highway infrastructures. In order to better understand the ruinous influence of flood disaster on highway transportation in China, this paper proposes an alternative evaluation index of highway flood disaster risk from three aspects, namely the disaster-causing factors, disaster-inducing environment, and disaster-bearing subjects. This paper also puts forward some targeted suggestions for the risk management, including two aspects: physical protection measurement and organization and management measurement. Moreover, this paper develops a highway flood disaster risk management system by using the ArcGIS technology.

     

Formation environment and metallogenic mechanism of Weng'an phosphorite in the Early Sinian,Central Guizhou Province

Weng'an phosphorites are located at the east of Central Guizhou oldland and are important constituent of Hubei-Hunan-Guizhou phosphorite belt. Among them,the Datang ore block developed intact Early Ediacaran stratigraphic sequence,and the phosphorite occurred in the Doushantuo Formation which are divided into the lower layer of dolomite, layer A, the upper layer of dolomite, and layer B. Geochemistry showed that the P₂O₅ concentration of phosphorites in the layer A was higher than that of layer B,while the Sr and Mg/Ca were opposite. These characteristics indicate the degree of aridity and torridity increased from layer A to layer B. δ¹³C,δ¹⁸O,and Z value in layer A are -4.30‰-2.03‰, -11.30‰-7.53‰, and 112119,respectively,and those of layer B are -1.16‰1.49‰, -8.41‰-2.26‰, and 123129,respectively,indicating that the salinity increased from layer A to layer B. Ce_anom of the layer A are greater than -0.1, whereas those of the layer B are less than -0.1, suggesting the redox conditions changing from anoxic to oxic. The NASC-normalized REE distribution patterns of the layer A show “left-inclining”,indicating the input of hydrothermal fluids. Furthermore,the Si,Al,and Ti content in the phosphorite and the periodical change of δ¹³C indicate the input of terrigenous weathering and deep seawater. The “left-inclining”REE plots,high psephicity,and intraclast and blocky textures of phosphate from the layer A collectively suggest the phosphorite formed via mechanical power of seawater. The “hat-shaped”REE plots and microbial debris of phosphate from the layer B indicate the phosphorite formed via microbially mediated accretionary growth.     

黔中瓮安早震旦世磷块岩的形成环境及成因机制*

瓮安磷矿为鄂—湘—黔成矿带的重要组成部分,位于黔中古陆的东侧,其中,大塘矿段位于发育完整的下震旦统陡山沱组中,该组地层自下而上为下白云岩段、A矿层、上白云岩段和B矿层。元素地球化学特征表明: A矿层P₂O₅高于B矿层,而Sr含量、Mg/Ca值却相反,表明从A矿层到B矿层,气候干旱炎热程度升高。碳酸盐C、O同位素表明: δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O和Z值在A矿层分别为-4.30‰~-2.03‰、-11.30‰~-7.53‰、112~119,B矿层分别为-1.16‰~1.49‰、-8.41‰~-2.26‰、123~129,表明A矿层的盐度较低,B矿层的盐度较高。Ce_anom在A矿层均大于-0.1,在B矿层均小于-0.1,另外,Mo、U、V元素在A矿层高于B矿层,表明氧化还原条件从A矿层的还原转变为B矿层的氧化条件。A矿层稀土元素呈“左倾型”配分曲线和热水元素的富集,指示海相热水输入;Si、Al、Ti含量占一定比例,指示了陆源风化物质输入;δ¹³C阶段性变化指示了上升洋流带来的深海海水,因此,陡山沱组磷块岩成矿物质可能有多个来源。A矿层“左倾型”稀土配分曲线以及磷酸盐球状、团块状结构和较高磨圆度,表明其成矿作用机制主要为海水机械动力;B矿层稀土元素呈“帽型”配分模式和大量微生物碎屑发育,表明其成矿机制主要为微生物生长成矿作用,伴随海水机械动力。     

2005年海南岛沿岸风暴潮特征分析

2005年海南岛沿岸出现三次明显风暴增水过程,分别由0508号强热带风暴"天鹰"、0516号热带风暴"韦森特"和0518号台风"达维"引发,给海南省的经济造成严重损失.本文从热带气旋特征、增水等方面进行分析,总结了各个热带气旋所引发的风暴增水特征,以便为今后的风暴潮预报积累经验,更好地为海洋减灾防灾服务.     

天山-帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究

利用流动地震台阵记录的地震数据,通过地震层析技术反演了天山—帕米尔结合带的P波速度结构,揭示出地壳结构的非均匀特征及其与地震活动的对应关系. 分析结果表明,天山和西昆仑的双向挤压导致塔里木西部边缘地壳严重变形,在山前地区形成基底隆起带,地壳深部则被断裂分割成为若干块体,有的块体可能卷入造山带内部;喀什坳陷地壳深部结构相对完整,变形程度较弱;天山和西昆仑的地壳结构显示出缩短增厚的波速特性,在与塔里木接壤的局部地区,壳幔边界附近存在热物质的侵入迹象. 大部分地震都发生在塔里木西部边缘的壳内高速块体周围,推测块体之间的相互作用和应力调整是导致天山—帕米尔结合带频繁发生地震的主要原因,伽师地震则与构造变形由天山向塔里木内部扩展以及该地区的地壳非均匀结构有关.     

华北冷涡背景下青岛三次混合型对流天气环境场条件对比分析

利用探空观测资料,对比分析华北冷涡背景下青岛三次混合型对流天气过程环境场条件,揭示出现短时强降水、雷暴大风和冰雹天气时的水汽、稳定度和垂直风切变差异特征.分析结果表明:500 hPa上冷涡中心位于42°N的华北冷涡、850 hPa低涡系统和偏南风急流以及地面气旋是这三次混合型对流天气的影响系统;在这三次混合型对流过程中...     

农牧交错带陆面过程的数值模拟研究

利用CLM(Common Land Model)模式对我国内蒙古奈曼旗农牧交错带沙漠和农田两种不同典型下垫面的陆面过程进行了数值模拟试验,并与外场试验观测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:无论是沙漠还是农田试验,CLM都能够较好地模拟其辐射通量和土壤中的热传导特征,CLM的模拟结果能够真实地再现试验期间土壤热传导过程对天气过程的响应。相比而言,模式对沙漠地区长波辐射通量和干燥时期短波辐射通量的模拟结果好于农田,其原因可能是因为农田下垫面植被及土壤特征较沙漠复杂,有着很大的不确定性,造成了农田地表反照率和温度模拟的偏差。而对农田热传导的模拟结果好于沙漠,反映了CLM对含水量较大、持水力较强的农田下垫面的热传导模拟能力较好,而对含水量较小、持水力较弱的沙漠下垫面的热传导模拟能力相对较差。