A new approach of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design: The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions

This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert

Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (～10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (～60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光测距—成像组合扫描仪多源数据采集技术的研究

阐述一套机载运行的光学－机械扫描式激光测距和被动式热红外外扫描成像组合遥感器，结合飞机平台的姿态测量和GPS定位，可实时（准实时）获取地面景物的三维位置和影像灰度信息。由多源数据采集技术获得的多种同步数据经地面计算机回放和处理，可以快速生成数字地面高程模型（DEM）和地学编码图像。扫描激光测距仪与扫描成像仪的电同步技术控制激光测距采样时刻与图像采样时刻在时序上的一致性，从而达到高程数据与图像像元的匹配。     

自动综合算子分析及算法库的建立

在分析自动综合过程和自动综合系统构成的基础上，指出了自动综合算子库对自动综合的必要性，并以现有的各种综合算子划分为参考，对自动综合算子进行了重新划分，提出了算子库中的算法集合，以此来建立自动综合算子库。     

一种地形图快速扫描矢量化方法

提出了利用adobe的Steamline以及AutoCAD、CorelDraw对纸介图进行扫描矢量化的方法，该方法的主要功能是原图扫描、扫描图矢量化及矢量图校正的处理。经实践应用，其速度、精度等均可满足一般地理信息系统的要求。     

吉东火山岩型金矿地质特征及流体包裹体研究

通过对主要金矿床的流体包裹体 ,S、C、H和O同位素特征研究分析 ,认为金成矿的物化环境 :温度为 15 6～ 2 84℃、压力小于 6 6 0× 10 5Pa (深度不超过 2km) ;成矿流体具有富含H2 O、SO2 - 4、Cl- 和高K+的特点 ,是岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体 ;成矿物质主要来源于火山 次火山岩     

用MAPGIS二次开发绘制物探电法原始数据图

将物探电法的测点数据及测点的大地直角坐标按每条测线上测点由西向东的顺序 ,以统一编号、线号、点号、横坐标、纵坐标、测点数据为字段建成MicrosoftAccess数据库。根据制图比例尺和测点的大地直角坐标逐个计算数据库中所有测点在图纸上的坐标值 ,绘制测点位置子图 ,并在测点位置沿垂直测线方向向东移动 1/ 2测点数据注释的字符宽度 ,并以测点位置为圆心顺时针旋转 6 0°的位置绘制测点数据注释。按照上述方法 ,以MicrosoftVC + + 6 0为工具 ,利用MAPGIS 6 1地理信息系统二次开发技术 ,编制数据处理程序 ,实现电法原始数据图的微机制图     

大气环境中汞污染的研究进展

总结了大气环境中汞污染的研究进展，包括大气环境中汞的来源、汞在大气环境中的化学演化和环境效应；介绍运用环境地球物理方法在大气颗粒汞研究的初步结果，并就我国汞污染研究提出有关建议。     

甘肃北山造山带类型及基本特征

北山造山带经历多期次、多阶段的板块裂解－俯冲－碰撞－拼合的复杂地质演化历程，具多旋回复合造山的特色。通过对造山带构造单元的建立、古板块重建、原型盆地恢复、造山带结构、构造特征及造山机制和模式的研究，确定北山造山带类型为陆－增生弧碰撞造山带。     

基于整数小波变换的多光谱图像无损压缩

多光谱图像一般都采用预测方法去除空间冗余和谱内冗余实现无损压缩。通过用提升方法构造整数小波变换, 将变换方法用于去除空间冗余；通过分类方法构造谱间预测器，用预测方法去除谱间冗余，两者相结合，实现无损压缩。由于变换方法的去相关性能良好，使该方法压缩效果大大改善。