IMPACT OF CONVECTION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ON TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC DURING SUMMER MONSOON

The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) of the South China Sea(SCS, 105-120°E, 5-20°N) convection and its influences on the genesis and track of the western North Pacific(WNP) tropical cyclones(TCs) were explored, based on the daily average of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the OLR data and the western North Pacific tropical cyclone best-track data from 1979 to 2008. The mechanism of the influences of ISO on TC movement and the corresponding large-scale circulation were discussed by a trajectory model. It was found as follows.(1) During the SCS summer monsoon, the SCS convection exhibits the ISO features with active phases alternating with inactive phases. The monsoon circulation patterns are significantly different during these two phases. When the SCS convection is active(inactive), the SCS-WNP monsoon trough stretches eastward(retreats westward) due to the activity(inactivity) of SCS monsoon, and the WNP subtropical high retreats eastward(stretches westward), which enhances(suppresses) the monsoon circulation.(2) The amount of TC genesis in the active phase is much more than that in the inactive phase. A majority of TCs form west of 135 °E during the active phases but east of 135 °E in the inactive phases.(3) The TCs entering the area west of 135 °E and south of 25 °N would move straight into the SCS in the active phase, or recurve northward in the inactive phase.(4) Simulation results show that the steering flow associated with the active(inactive)phases is in favor of straight-moving(recurving) TCs. Meanwhile, the impacts of the locations of TC genesis on the characteristics of TC track cannot be ignored. TCs that occurred father westward are more likely to move straight into the SCS region.     

INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS WITH PAPRIKA PEPPER IN HAINAN PROVINCE

Paprika pepper, as one of the main vegetable crops, is originated in the tropics and now widely planted in the world for its dietary therapy and medicinal functions. For its typical physiological properties referring to low tolerances to flood, drought and cold, paprika pepper often suffers from one or several disasters during its growing period, especially under tropical climate. Paprika pepper in Hainan, as a typical region of tropical climate in China, sustains flood, chilling and drought disaster risks induced by varied weather systems. This study was to develop and employ appropriate indices to assess hazard, sensitivity, vulnerability and prevention capability for major disasters during paprika pepper growth period, using long-term meteorological data from 1998 to 2011, actual disasters record from 1999 to 2011, production and socioeconomic statistics from 2002 to 2011 at 18 weather stations. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy method, the combined weight was given to each disaster factor, thus an integrated disaster risk assessment model was developed and applied at regional level. High flood hazard mainly occurred in eastern Hainan, high chilling hazard in north and central mountain areas, and high drought hazard in the western part of Hainan. Drought and chilling sensitivity had a similar spatial distribution which decreased from central to coastal regions while flood sensitivity was the opposite. High vulnerability of the disasters mainly occurred in central regions, similar to low prevention capability. Eastern Hainan suffered from high integrated damage risk. The predicted damage occurrence showed a good agreement with the occurrence of actual disasters. We concluded that an integrated damage risk assessment model could provide a new tool to assess major meteorological disasters and help farmers and policy makers to alleviate the risks of major meteorological disasters for paprika pepper, which seems also suitable for other crops.     

旅游资源定量评价方法研究与评价体系建立

旅游资源的评价是一个多指标、多层次的复杂系统.根据人们对旅游需求的期望,本文提出了7大指标、23个项目参数,设计了3个层次的递阶结构模型.通过建立比较矩阵,给出每项参数的权重,采用层次分析法进行定量评价,取得了比较好的效果.该指标体系覆盖面广,代表性强,能够比较全面地反映我国旅游景区的特点,为旅游部门的分类管理和评级提供了方法和依据,同时也为景区的开发、建设和管理提供了参考指标.     

两广地区夏季降水异常与澳大利亚东侧海温异常的联系及可能机制

广东省和广西壮族自治区(两广地区)夏季降水时空分布很不均匀,存在显著的年际变化。利用站点观测降水资料、海洋及大气再分析资料,研究了近40 a两广地区夏季降水年际异常与澳大利亚东侧海温异常的联系及机理。在年际时间尺度上,两广夏季降水异常与澳大利亚东侧的海温异常存在显著的负相关关系。当澳大利亚东侧海温异常偏高时,一方面,部分水汽由热带中太平洋向澳大利亚东侧海区辐合,部分沿西太平洋副热带高压边缘向东亚地区输送,两广地区为水汽辐散区域,另一方面,澳大利亚东侧海区的对流活动增强,该地区上空的上升运动异常增强,通过"大气桥"遥相关使得海洋性大陆地区的异常上升运动增强,从而加强了东亚地区的局地Hadley环流,使得两广地区下沉运动增强,二者共同作用致使两广地区夏季干旱少雨;反之亦然。     

福建闽南地区与广西北海地区波纹巴非蛤的形态差异与遗传多样性分析

本研究采用形态学和微卫星分子标记对福建闽南地区（厦门、云霄、惠安）及广西北海4个野生波纹巴非蛤群体进行形态学与遗传多样性分析。主成分与聚类分析结果表明：惠安与北海群体的形态最为相近,其次为云霄群体,而厦门群体的趋异度最大。构建了两个主成分PC1和PC2,其中PC1的贡献率为36.134%,PC2的贡献率为21.443%,累计贡献率为57.577%。建立了4群体的判别函数,判别准确率P₁为43.3%~93.5%,P₂为44.8%~88.0%,综合判别率为66.1%。4个波纹巴非蛤群体的整体遗传多样性较高,群体间遗传分化微弱,属于同1个自由交配组群,NJ系统发育树聚类结果未检测到与地理位置相对应的谱系结构,这可能与人为引种、贸易及增殖放流等活动导致波纹巴非蛤不同群体间频繁基因交流有关。建议今后在波纹巴非蛤的资源管理和开发利用时,加强本地种质资源的保护。     

蝉花菌质(Isaria cicadae)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、免疫和肠道菌群的影响

试验目的旨在研究蝉花菌质(Isaria cicadae)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化和免疫、肠道组织形态以及肠道菌群等方面的影响,为大黄鱼绿色饲料添加剂的开发和利用提供参考。将初始体重为(16.50±1.10) g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分成4组,对照组(IC0)不添加蝉花菌质,试验组分别添加1%(IC1)、3%(IC3)和5%(IC5)的蝉花菌质。试验结果表明:试验组的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。IC3与IC5组的肝体比(HSI)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),与IC1组差异不显著(P>0.05)。IC5组脏体比(VSI)显著低于对照组,但与其他试验组之间差异不显著(P<0.05)。肌肉和全鱼体成分各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和血清溶菌酶(LZM)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组单根绒毛杯状细胞数量显著少于各试验组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05...     

长江口邻域叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布

海水中的叶绿素a浓度是浮游植物现存量的重要指标,其分布反映出了水体中浮游植物的丰度及其变化规律.初级生产力反映了水域初级生产者通过光合作用生产有机碳的能力,是海洋生物链的第一个环节,是海洋生态系统研究的重要内容,也是海域生物资源评估的重要依据.河口及其邻近海域是人类活动较为频繁的海域,也是生物海洋学研究过程的重要区域.长江口是陆源物质输入东海的主要场所,径流把大量的悬浮泥沙和丰富的溶解营养盐带入海洋,造成了长江口邻近海域独特的生态环境特征,成为了诸多研究的焦点.     

4A沸石吸附模拟核素Sr,Cs后的组分变化和结构表征

通过4A沸石吸附模拟核素Sr,Cs前后的化学成分分析、X衍射分析和红外光谱分析等手段方法,分析探讨了模拟核紊Sr,Cs在4A沸石的赋存状态,结果表明：4A沸石与模拟核素Sr,Cs之间主要以离子交换的方式发生作用,Sr^2 ,Cs^ 取代4A沸石中的可交换离子Na^ ,占据4A沸石a笼中的6元环和8元环。导致4A沸石的晶胞参数增大,晶格发生畸变。     

冲绳海槽西南部火山岩熔体包裹体的均一温度及对岩浆混合的指示意义

冲绳海槽西南部流纹岩和安山岩斜长石中发育大量玻璃质熔体包裹体,安山岩斜长石中熔体包裹体的均一温度较高（1050-1200℃）,而流纹岩斜长石中熔体包裹体有两个明显不同的均一温度峰值段（900-1000℃,1150-1200℃）,呈“双峰”式均一温度特征。熔体包裹体的均一温度特征与流纹岩和安山岩中斜长石的环带结构及An值变化特征一致,说明安山岩中斜长石主要在高温阶段结晶,而流纹岩中斜长石经历了两个不同的结晶阶段。结合流纹岩斜长石存在明显的环带结构及两种差异较大的An值特征,作者认为熔体包裹体的“双峰”式均一温度特征指示该地区发生了不同期次岩浆的混合作用。岩浆携带早期高温阶段结晶（1150-1200℃）的高An值偏基性斜长石向上运移,注入浅部较低温酸性岩浆房（900-1000℃）,发生混合作用,偏基性的斜长石在进入酸性岩浆房后被重新吸收,形成包含有较高均一温度熔体包裹体的核部（高An）,然后继续结晶生长形成包含有较低均一温度熔体包裹体的边部（低An）,表明冲绳海槽西南部地区下部岩浆房内存在复杂的岩浆混合作用。     

新疆碳排放影响因素分析与政策建议

气候变化和二氧化碳减排问题已引起全世界的关注.本文运用岭回归分析1995-2008 年新疆碳排放与人口、经济、技术间的关系,并进一步探讨了产业结构和主导产业对碳排放的影响,以寻找减排的技术路线和对策,推动区域低碳经济的发展.结果表明：①不合理的经济结构和人口增长对碳排放有显著的推动作用,技术进步虽在一定程度上缓解了碳排放,但影响甚微;②新疆过分依赖自然资源的经济增长方式和以第二产业为主的经济结构是导致温室气体排放量增加的主要原因;③研究期间,新疆的主导产业均为以石油天然气开采、石油化工、煤化工为主的重工业,但其在工业总产值的比重却有较大提升,导致对能源的消耗急剧增加.未来在全球化背景下,新疆应转变经济增长模式,加大生态保护力度,更多地依靠科技创新、技术进步和制度的改进,大力发展低碳产业.