瀑河市强对流天气综合分析及预报预警

分析了漯河市强对流性天气的产生机制和形势场,并应用V-3θ图的分布特征、能量特征值、卫星云图云顶亮温和闪电数据,做出对流性天气的预报预警。     

大地电磁与地震资料仿真退火约束联合反演

在对仿真退火算法研究的基础上,将非常快速仿真退火的连续模型空间改为可变的离散化形式,理论模型试算表明,使用本文方法可提高工作效率5-10倍. 为适应联合反演的需要, 对非常快速仿真退火的误差"单判断"检验准则改为误差"双判断"检验准则,避免Metrop olis接受准则的判断失误. 在此基础上,实现了一维及二维起伏地形条件下大地电磁与地震资料多参量信息的联合反演. 理论模型的试算及实例说明了约束联合反演的有效性.     

地震CT法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究

利用0．5ms采样的高分辨率地震CT方法对宽度不足1m的隐伏矿脉进行了有效的观测和追踪．本研究不只限于地震CT方法常采用的地表一井孔、井间、坑道等观测方式,而是适当地利用矿田地形实现了近似全方位的地震CT野外数据采集,在本研究提出的非均匀介质射线追踪方法下实现了对隐伏含金石英脉的定量观测．     

中国大地震的天体位置特征分析

为探寻太阳系天体位置的变化对大地震发生的影响,作者分析了1900-1996年发生在中国7级以上大地震的天体位置特征和引潮力．分析结果表明,太阳系天体的特殊位置的确对地震的爆发起到了一定作用,太阳系10个天体中,又以月亮影响最大,本世纪71％的大地震发生于赤白交角从极大变为极小时期,对引潮力的分析表明,其水平分力更易触发大震,这与大震时10个天体天顶距集中分布于40°─140°之间是一致的,文中对此作了初步讨论,认为天体引潮加速度触发地震不在于某一量值,而在于其变化量的大小．     

三门峡大坝变形观测网的灵敏度分析

本文讨论了变形观测网的灵敏度标准，通过对三门峡大坝变形观测网两期观测资料的平差计算，并对三门峡大坝变形观测网的灵敏度进行了计算和分析，分析结果认为该变形观测网适合于对三门峡大坝进行形变观测。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气运移特征及成藏过程分析

运用石油地质动态分析及综合研究方法,以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂泥岩压实特征、古压力恢复、包裹体、成岩作用资料为基础,对上古生界天然气运移的地质背景、天然气运移特征进行详细分析,对储层致密化、古高压异常对天然气运移、成藏的影响等方面进行研究,认为上古生界砂岩致密化发生于中三叠世一晚三叠世,早于大规模油气运移时期,天然气呈连续相运移需要的临界气柱高度远大于砂岩的单层厚度,受压力封存箱的封闭以及封存箱内不均匀分布的高压泥质岩阻隔,天然气难以沿构造上倾方向作大规模运移,主要为就近垂向运移聚集成藏;成藏特征研究显示,只有毛管中值压力平均值小于6.21 MPa、厚度大于4 m以上的优质储层段能够允许天然气成藏,而且气水分布主要受构造部位、储层非均质控制.故此,上古生界气藏主要为致密储层条件下的岩性和构造-岩性气藏类型;根据各时期、各地区、各层段不同的天然气运移、成藏特征,将上古生界压力封存箱划分为非烃源岩和烃源岩两个成藏子系统,前者具自生自储、短距离运移、早期(J2-K1)源内成藏特点,形成原生气藏,而后者属近-远距离运移、晚期(K1-K2,K2末-Q)源外成藏特点.     

东南极中山站陆缘固定冰2011/2012年度的时空变化

Annual observations of first-year ice(FYI) and second-year ice(SYI) near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica,were conducted for the first time from December 2011 to December 2012. Melt ponds appeared from early December 2011. Landfast ice partly broke in late January, 2012 after a strong cyclone. Open water was refrozen to form new ice cover in mid-February, and then FYI and SYI co-existed in March with a growth rate of 0.8 cm/d for FYI and a melting rate of 2.7 cm/d for SYI. This difference was due to the oceanic heat flux and the thickness of ice,with weaker heat flux through thicker ice. From May onward, FYI and SYI showed a similar growth by 0.5 cm/d.Their maximum thickness reached 160.5 cm and 167.0 cm, respectively, in late October. Drillings showed variations of FYI thickness to be generally less than 1.0 cm, but variations were up to 33.0 cm for SYI in March,suggesting that the SYI bottom was particularly uneven. Snow distribution was strongly affected by wind and surface roughness, leading to large thickness differences in the different sites. Snow and ice thickness in Nella Fjord had a similar "east thicker, west thinner" spatial distribution. Easterly prevailing wind and local topography led to this snow pattern. Superimposed ice induced by snow cover melting in summer thickened multi-year ice,causing it to be thicker than the snow-free SYI. The estimated monthly oceanic heat flux was ～30.0 W/m2 in March–May, reducing to ～10.0 W/m2 during July–October, and increasing to ～15.0 W/m2 in November. The seasonal change and mean value of 15.6 W/m2 was similar to the findings of previous research. The results can be used to further our understanding of landfast ice for climate change study and Chinese Antarctic Expedition services.     

海洋芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. CAMT22370所产葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化与表征

前期筛选获得一株海洋源Bacillussp.CAMT22370高产葡萄糖氧化酶菌株,本研究进一步通过离子交换及分子筛层析使Bacillus sp. CAMT22370葡萄糖氧化酶纯化了2.12倍,酶活得率32.37%,比活力达到8.47 U/mg,分子质量约为50 kDa。酶学特性研究表明,此酶在低温下有较好的催化活性,最适温度为30℃,超过30℃时酶活迅速下降, 45℃保温2 h活力降至75%左右;最适pH为6.0,在5.0以下和7.0以上时酶活迅速降低, 9.0时损失35%; Ca~(2+)和Mn~(2+)有明显激活作用, Na~+和Zn~(2+)有轻微激活作用, K~+和Mg~(2+)对酶活无显著影响,而Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)对酶活有明显抑制作用,酶动力学参数Vmax及Km值分别为26.85 (μmol/(L·min))和109.26 (μmol/(L·min)),以上酶学特性与现有酶制剂存在明显不同,研究结果为该葡萄糖氧化酶的开发利用奠定了初步基础。     

海上地震资料子波提取鬼波压制技术

海洋地震勘探由于受到海面强反射界面的影响,记录数据中存在鬼波,致使数据频谱中产生陷波效应,限制数据的频带宽度,影响数据的分辨率,干扰地层反射的识别.近年来发展的鬼波压制方法,能够较好的压制地震数据中的鬼波,然而现有鬼波压制技术容易产生延续相位,且计算效率较低.为进一步提高鬼波压制效果和工作效率,本文对海上地震资料特性进行分析,研究认为,海上地震资料中的海底反射信号真实记录了海底有效反射、震源鬼波和检波点鬼波的形态,可以利用提取的海底反射子波对数据进行确定性子波反褶积处理,能够有效的压制震源鬼波和检波点鬼波.模型海上实际数据测试结果表明,该方法具有鬼波压制效果好、计算效率高的优势,处理之后的数据频带得到有效拓宽,低频和高频信息均得到加强.     

JOINT INVERSION OF AMBIENT NOISE AND SURFACE WAVE FOR S-WAVE VELOCITY OF THE CRUST AND UPPERMOST MANTLE BENEATH WEIHE BASIN AND ITS ADJACENT AREA

The Weihe Basin is the main component of the extrusion and escape shear zone between the ancient North China craton block in Ordos and the ancient Yangtze platform in Sichuan Basin, and carries the dynamic transmission from the main power source of the Qinghai-Tibet Block in the west to the North China and South China regions in the east. The basin itself plays multi roles in the east-west and north-south tectonic movement, and is an excellent site for studying the structural interlacing, dynamic transformation and transmission. At the same time, Weihe Basin is also a famous strong earthquake zone in China. Historically, there was a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 1/4 occurring in Huaxian County in 1556, causing huge casualties and property losses. In view of the special geological structures and the characteristics of modern seismicity activities in the Weihe fault-depression zone, it is necessary to carry out fine three-dimensional velocity structure detection in the deep part of Weihe Basin and its adjacent areas, so as to study the relationship between velocity structure and geological structural units and their evolution process, as well as the deep medium environment where earth￣quakes develop and occur. We investigate the S-wave velocity structure beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions based on continuous background noise data and teleseismic data recorded by 257 broadband stations in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent regions and China Seismological Science Array Exploration Project, and by adopting seismic surface wave inter-station method and background noise cross-correlation method, a total of 10 049 fundamental-mode Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion curves in the periods of 5~70s are obtained. Firstly, using the average dispersion curve in this study area, we obtain the one-dimensional average S-wave velocity structure model of the study area, and then we apply the ray-tracing surface-wave-dispersion direct inversion method to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle (3~80km) beneath Weihe Basin and its adjacent regions. The test results of a 1°×1° grid checker board show that the recovery is good, except for the areas east of 111° and south of 32° of the study area, where there is almost no resolution. The imaging results show that the velocity structure beneath each tectonic unit in the study area has a certain distribution rule, and there is a good correlation between surface geological structure and deep velocity structure. Based on the analysis of velocity slices at different depths and S-wave velocity structures of three profiles, and combined with existing geological structures, geophysics and other deep exploration research results, we obtain the following knowledge and conclusions:1)The thick sedimentary layer covering the top of Weihe Basin is the cause of low velocity anomaly in its shallow crust, the middle and upper crust of the basin are of low velocity structure, and the low-velocity zone extends about 25km, the Moho interface uplifts abruptly relative to both the Ordos Block and the Qinling orogenic belt on opposite sides, and high-speed materials from the upper mantle intrude into the lower crust, which may be related to the underplating of mafic-ultramafic materials from the upper mantle in Mesozoic-Cenozoic period; 2)The south Ordos Block is not a homogeneous whole, the low-velocity structure of the shallow crust in southern Ordos Block is thin in east and thick in west, which may be related to the overall tilting of the Ordos Basin since the Phanerozoic, as well as the differential uplift and strong and uneven denudation of the Ordos Block since the Late Cretaceous. The crustal structure of the south Ordos Block is relatively simple and homogeneous. There is no significant low-velocity structure in the curst of the block, which shows that the low-velocity structure in the crust does not penetrate the whole Ordos block. We speculate that the southern Ordos Block still maintains the stable craton property, and has not been reformed significantly so far; 3)The variation characteristics of deep structure of the Qinling orogenic belt reflect the deep crustal structure and tectonic deformation characteristics of the orogenic belt which are strongly reformed by land-land collision and suture between North China plate and Yangtze plate, intracontinental orogeny, uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its northeastern expansion since the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period. The deep structure beneath the eastern and western Qinling orogenic belt is different and has the characteristics of segmentation. The low-velocity anomaly at the bottom of the lower crust of the orogenic belt may be affected by tectonic activities such as uplift and outward extension of the NE Tibetan plateau, and the analysis considers that there is little possibility of the existence of lower crustal circulation channel for the eastward flowing of Tibetan plateau materials in the Qinling orogenic belt. However, since the maximum depth from the inversion of this paper is 80km, which is located at the top of the upper mantle, our results cannot prove that there exists a mantle flow channel for the eastward flow of Tibetan plateau material beneath the Qinling orogenic belt.