利用R/S方法分析漯河市气温变化趋势

用一元回归和R/S方法,分析了漯河市气温变化趋势,结果表明 近49年来,漯河市冬、春、秋季气温升高,夏季则下降, 夏季降温幅度比冬、春、秋季升温幅度小一个量级,全年气温整体趋势变暖. 城市化"热岛"效应对冬、春、秋季及全年的影响较气候系统自身演变显著,对夏季影响不显著. 冬、夏、秋季及全年气温序列具有持续性,未来冬、秋季及全年变暖持续,夏季则变冷持续;春季气温变暖趋势减缓,或者更接近于随机变化,即未来变暖变冷不能确定.     

青藏高原沱沱河盆地渐新世湖相叠层石:韵律纹层记录的古气候条件

沱沱河盆地通天河剖面渐新世雅西措群发现一套产于湖泛过程中的柱状叠层石。通过对叠层石纹层形态和显微组构的研究,发现这些叠层石具有典型的富藻纹层和富屑纹层交替的显微结构特征,发育三级生长节律,纹层对之间渐变接触,纹层带之间间断明显。采用激光微区取样的方法,针对4块样品的8个纹层对,系统采集了16对碳氧同位素数据,结果是富藻纹层同位素值整体上均高于富屑纹层,正相关性明显。这表明富藻纹层生长时期气候炎热湿润,富屑纹层生长时期相对寒冷干燥。认为湖相叠层石生长受周期性气候变化的控制,其韵律纹层记录了丰富的古气候信息。     

Quality Assessment of FY-4A Lightning Data in Inland China

The Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) equipped on the FY-4A (FengYun-4A) geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution, high stability, and continuous observation. In this study, FY-4A LMI lightning event, group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected, and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system (ADTD) lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station (ISS) lightning imaging sensor (LIS) data. The results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS LIS. The temporal variation in FY-4A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke, which reflects that FY-4A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland China. Quantitative statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash data. Compared with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD, FY-4A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan Plateau. The application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.     

大港油田埕海二区沙三下亚段沉积微相研究

大港油田埕海二区是一个典型的复杂断块油田为采出更多油气,需要了解有利相带的分布区域,并用于指导开发井部署.通过综合地震、测井及岩心分析、薄片鉴定等资料,对大港油田埕海二区沙三下亚段沉积微相进行的研究表明:该亚段具有湖泊扩张、水体加深的沉积演化特征:即近源粒级粗、堆积速率快,属于断陷湖盆陡坡扇三角洲相沉积在岩石相和测井相...     

中国干旱区恢复生态学研究进展及趋势评述

本文评述了中国干旱区恢复生态学研究的历程和特点,系统分析了其研究前沿和未来发展趋势.国家重大需求推动了干旱区恢复生态学研究,植被建设是生态恢复的主要方法和手段;植被分布的地带性规律、土壤生境的恢复、生态水文互馈机理、植物水分关系、生物土壤结皮、基于模型的预测模拟是未来研究的重点;地学与生物学的学科交叉融合为干旱区恢复生态学理论创新和生态恢复实践提供了新的思路和途径.     

日本9级和缅甸7.2级地震热辐射表现特征

应用中国静止气象卫星热红外遥感亮温资料获得其相对功率谱信息,对大范围全时段的相对功率谱信息进行了分析,其结果为:日本9.0级和缅甸7.2级地震发生前存在显著的亮温变化,震前6个月左右异常开始出现,相对变化幅度达10倍以上;这两次地震的异常区域大小和时间变化形态存在明显差异,可能是地质和气候环境所致.     

河南省两次春季暴雨过程的对比

利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2008和2009年春季河南出现的两次区域暴雨过程进行了诊断对比分析。结果表明：500 hPa低槽、中低空切变、地面气旋是这两次过程共同的影响系统。Q矢量辐合和上升运动为两次春季暴雨的发生提供了有利的动力条件。两次过程的水汽均集中在800 hPa以下,主要是低层和边界层的水汽辐合,强的水汽输送和水汽辐合对暴雨的产生有非常重要的贡献。两次过程的大气层结均表现为对流稳定,这点与夏季暴雨有明显的区别。     

Sedimentary characteristics of large‐scale lacustrine beach‐bars and their formation in the Eocene Boxing Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The beach‐bar reservoir play has become an important exploration target within the Bohai Bay Basin, especially in the Boxing Sag within the Dongying Depression, where a large‐scale lacustrine beach‐bar oil pool has been discovered recently. The sedimentary characteristics, distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of beach‐bar sand bodies in the upper fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) in the Boxing Sag were studied in detail based on seismic, well log data and core data. The Es4s in the Boxing Sag is composed of a third‐order sequence consisting of three systems tracts, i.e. a lowstand systems tract, a transgressive systems tract and a highstand systems tract. Beach‐bar sand bodies were deposited widely in the basin during the lowstand systems tract period. The sandy beach‐bars are characterized by siltstones, fine‐grained silty sandstones interbedded with thin mudstone units. The presence of well‐developed sedimentary structures, such as swash bedding, parting lineation, parallel bedding, ellipsoidal mud clasts, ripples, terrestrial plant debris and vertical burrows, suggests that beach‐bars were deposited in a relatively shallow water environment under the influence of strong hydrodynamics. Laterally, the sandy beach facies occurred as a more continuous sheet‐like body around the sandy bar in most parts of the sag. Stratigraphically, beach‐bars were distributed mainly in the lowstand systems tract and they were less well‐developed in the transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract. Several factors were probably responsible for the occurrence of the large‐scale beach‐bars during the lowstand systems tract period, including: (i) a gentle palaeoslope and relatively weak structural activities; (ii) a shallow‐water condition with a strong hydrodynamic environment; (iii) high‐frequency oscillations of the lake level; and (iv) an abundant terrigenous clastic feeding system with multiple‐point and linear sediment sources.     

美国NASA冰桥(IceBridge)科学计划:进展与展望

美国NASA于2009年启动的IceBridge"冰桥"科学计划利用航空平台搭载的多源遥感传感器已在极区获取了连续的、高质量的观测资料。本文从多源航空遥感传感器及其采集数据的角度,对冰桥(IceBridge)科学计划做了详细介绍。其航空平台搭载的遥感传感器大致可以分为数字相机、激光雷达、雷达、重力以及辅助设备5类。本文又从冰雪3维立体制图、冰盖高程变化监测与物质平衡估算、海冰厚度与分布时空变化探测、卫星遥感校正与验证等4个方面对冰桥极地多源航空遥感数据的应用研究做了展望。冰桥科学计划将会大大促进人类对于气候变暖背景下两极所发生变化的理解。     

航空遥感航线设计系统研究与实现

航线设计是根据所用传感器、任务技术指标、摄区地形等因素,来计算航线和曝光点的坐标,为航空摄影外业提供依据和准则,使摄影成果满足质量要求。本文针对航空遥感任务的需要,开发了航线设计系统,并详细介绍了系统主要功能、航线和曝光点计算算法,以及系统实现的技术和方法。