夕卡岩型矿床成因类型及成矿特征

夕卡岩型矿床是一种具有重要工业意义的矿床类型,多年以来一直是矿床学研究工作的热点,经过一个多世纪的发展历程,对该类矿床的认识也由传统的接触交代成因演变为多种成因;但目前仍然有很多地质工作者局限于传统的接触交代成因。为了能够更好的认识该类矿床,本文在前期夕卡岩成因类型总结的基础上,归纳了各种夕卡岩及夕卡岩型矿床的主要特征及成矿作用,分析了不同成因夕卡岩类型之间的区别和联系。     

马莲河流域"2003·8"暴雨洪水调查分析

2003年8月25日,马莲河流域普降暴雨,暴雨中心发生了百年一遇特大洪水,流域出口控制站出现了1956年设站以来的第二大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害.通过暴雨洪水调查,分析了本次暴雨洪水特性,为研究该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据.     

大杨树盆地的构造特征及变形期次

大杨树盆地是叠置于大兴安岭造山带的东部,与松辽盆地紧邻,呈北北东向长条带状展布的中新生代断陷-坳陷型盆地。大杨树盆地经历了多期变形作用,具有以伸展构造为主、并被挤压构造和反转构造叠加的构造特征。早白垩世龙江期主要受到了NWW—SEE向的拉伸作用,形成一系列北北东向控陷犁式正断层组合,在控陷断层的上盘发育小型箕状断陷;早白垩世九峰山期,大杨树盆地受挤压作用控制,使早期形成的断陷盆地发生反转作用,形成正反转构造,同时在某些地段形成逆冲断层和断层传播褶皱;早白垩世甘河期,大杨树盆地再次受到伸展作用,形成了一系列北北东向小型断陷。早白垩世晚期(甘河期之后)—晚白垩世早期,大杨树盆地受到强烈的挤压作用,使早期控陷正断层出现正反转作用,在盆地的浅部形成大型断层传播褶皱,使大杨树盆地全面隆升遭受剥蚀。第四纪大杨树盆地具有伸展的特征,发育一系列小型伸展断陷。     

不同BDS星历反演大气可降水量精度分析

基于陕西地区3个GNSS观测站2018年1～6月数据,利用北斗卫星导航系统进行水汽反演。首先利用不同星历产品计算水汽结果,分别与利用IGF解算的水汽结果、探空数据探测结果进行比较;再将不同星历得到的水汽结果进行相互对比。结果表明,利用3种星历都能获得精度和可靠性较高的水汽结果,其中精密星历和快速星历反演水汽的精度相当,各测站偏差均优于1 mm,标准差和均方根误差均优于3.5 mm;利用超快速星历（预报部分）反演水汽在各测站的偏差约为1 mm,标准差和均方根误差均优于5 mm。综合3种产品反演水汽的对应精度可知,利用3种星历产品均可反演大气可降水量,且超快速星历（预报部分）计算的水汽值可为气象预报提供参考依据。     

Glass geochemical compositions from widespread tephras erupted over the last 200 years from Mount St. Helens

Building reliable chronologies from lake sediments, peat and other paleoenvironmental archives can be challenging, especially for historical times where radiocarbon is unreliable. Nineteenth- and 20th-century eruptions from Mount St. Helens (MSH) provide important chronostratigraphic markers for regional paleoenvironmental studies within this time frame, but are constrained by poorly geochemically characterized tephra and/or limited published data. Here, we present glass geochemistry from the most significant eruptions from this time. This includes proximal, medial and distal deposits of the 18 May 1980 MSH eruption, layer T ( ad 1799/1800), a new tephra that we argue represents the ad 1842 eruption, and the 22 July 1980 eruption that had reported ashfall in Canada. Our results indicate that most tephras ejected during these eruptions, within a time frame of ~200 years, have distinct glass geochemical characteristics that can be used to identify distal deposits for tephrochronological studies. Layer T is on trend with analyses of the 1980 eruption but has a distinct dacitic glass population. The 1980 and ad 1842 eruptions are similar, both having rhyolitic glass compositions, but the ad 1842 event can be differentiated by a more constrained SiO₂ range in the main geochemical population, and the presence of a unique SiO₂ sub-population.     

Early Last Interglacial palaeoenvironments in the western Baltic Sea: benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes and diatom‐based sea‐surface salinity

Knudsen, K. L., Jiang, H., Kristensen, P., Gibbard, P. L. & Haila, H. 2011: Early Last Interglacial palaeoenvironments in the western Baltic Sea: benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes and diatom‐based sea‐surface salinity. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00206.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Stable isotopes from benthic foraminifera, combined with diatom assemblage analysis and diatom‐based sea‐surface salinity reconstructions, are used for the interpretation of changes in bottom‐ and surface‐water conditions through the early Eemian at Ristinge Klint in the western Baltic Sea. Correlation of the sediments with the Eemian Stage is based on a previously published pollen analysis that indicates that they represent pollen zones E2–E5 and span ～3400 years. An initial brackish‐water phase, initiated c. 300 years after the beginning of the interglacial, is characterized by a rapid increase in sea‐surface and sea‐bottom salinity, followed by a major increase at c. 650 years, which is related to the opening of the Danish Straits to the western Baltic. The diatoms allow estimation of the maximum sea‐surface salinity in the time interval of c. 650–1250 years. After that, slightly reduced salinity is estimated for the interval of c. 1250–2600 years (with minimum values at c. 1600–2200 years). This may be related to a period of high precipitation/humidity and thus increased freshwater run‐off from land. Together with a continuous increase in the water depth, this may have contributed to the gradual development of a stratified water column after c. 1600 years. The stratification was, however, particularly pronounced between c. 2600 and 3400 years, a period with particularly high sea‐surface temperature, as well as bottom‐water salinity, and thus a maximum influence of Atlantic water masses. The freshwater run‐off from land may have been reduced as a result of particularly high summer temperatures during the climatic optimum.     

ICP-AES内标法测定钛铁矿中铜钴镍锰钒铬

采用HCl-HNO3-HF-H2SO4溶矿,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪内标法（ICP—AES）测定,建立了钛铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿中铜、钴、镍、锰、钒、铬等元素的同时测定方法。对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定的最佳仪器条件及分析谱线进行了选择,并对钛、铁基体的影响以及采用Y内标元素消除基体的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明：采用内标法能够消除基体对被测元素的影响,改善分析准确度和精密度,与经典分光光度法和原子吸收法相比较,具有检出限低、灵敏度高,操作简便、快速等突出优点。方法经国家一级钒钛磁铁矿标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

潮汐沉积韵律计算新方法及其应用 ——以四川江油地区中三叠统雷口坡组藻白云岩为例

提出一种新的高精确度的方法来计算沉积旋回韵律,即以样品断面光学灰度参数作为韵律沉积变化的替代指标,利用数字图像分析软件,通过最小二乘法、一阶差分法等数据处理后,定量计算沉积旋回韵律。对采自四川江油西南部中三叠统雷口坡组的纹层藻白云岩样品进行研究,观察样品抛光面和薄片,确定藻白云石具有明显的潮汐沉积韵律纹层。应用此方法计算得出研究区样品共有217个潮汐层偶对,层偶对最大厚度为4.2mm,通过人工计数对比证明了该方法的可行性。这种技术方法与传统方法相比更省时、更高效,可推广性高,同时也可应用于其它类型频段韵律旋回中。     

样子哨盆地构造演化特征

样子哨盆地基底为龙岗地块,盖层以晚元古代地层、古生代地层为主。基底构造变形以韧塑性变形和塑性纵弯柔流褶皱及固态流变剪切变形为主,发生片理、片麻理、褶皱及条带状构造。盖层经历多次挤压隆升和拉张断陷运动,屡次遭受海侵—海退,沉积了典型的地台型沉积建造。后经断块运动,改造或继承先期断裂,形成盆地—山岭式构造。     

浙江省衢州地区新路火山岩盆地西段铀成矿模式

文章在对研究区内白鹤岩、大桥坞和杨梅湾重点矿床成矿特征、控矿规律详细分析的基础上,指出该区铀成矿主要受构造、热液蚀变和侵入岩体的联合控制。依据主要控矿因素,建立了该区3阶段铀成矿模式:①火山喷发和岩浆侵入阶段;②大规模铀成矿阶段;③后期剥蚀矿体改造阶段。指出火山期后的岩浆侵位为铀成矿准备了含矿热液流体,NE、NNE向深大断裂为主要导矿构造,NW向次级断裂为主要的储矿构造,岩浆侵位和不同规模的断裂体系构成了含矿热液形成、运移和富集的完整过程。本区铀成矿在时间上可划分为2个阶段,早期为125～115Ma,晚期为90.9～70.2Ma,两期铀成矿与两期岩浆侵位相对应;在空间上呈三层楼式分布:即浅部为与砾岩层和隐爆有关的白鹤岩式铀矿化,中部为与赤铁矿化、萤石化、金属硫化物化有关的大桥坞式铀矿化,深部为与钠交代、硅化有关的杨梅湾式铀矿化。在此基础上,提出矿区外围找矿重点区域为:距NE、NNE向深大断裂出露线2km范围内上盘,且NWW向次级断层和水云母化蚀变强烈发育的地区;已知矿区深部找矿层位为:大桥坞矿床深部的杨梅湾式铀矿化、白鹤岩矿床深部的大桥坞式和杨梅湾式铀矿化。