考虑温度耦合效应的竖井地基固结有限元分析

针对塑料排水板(PVD)安装热源能提升PVD性能、加速竖井地基固结这一工程现象,基于热-水-应力 (T-H-M) 三场全耦合的有限元方法来模拟利用热源进行地基处理新技术(PVTD)。首先,以微分形式与等效弱形式分别给出T-H-M耦合控制方程,并推导出其有限元方程组。然后在多场耦合有限元软件中建立饱和土的T-H-M全耦合模型,并通过与已有解析解比较,验证了模型正确性。最后,对一个经典有涂抹区的竖井地基算例,分不耦合温度(UT)、耦合温度但不考虑其对饱和土物性影响(CT)、耦合温度考虑温度对饱和土渗透性影响(CTP) 3种情况进行固结计算分析。研究结果表明,相对于无热源竖井地基,CT情况下由于热源产生的附加孔隙水压力,固结速度略有下降;CTP情况下,由于热源有效改善涂抹区的渗透性能,竖井地基固结速率明显加快。上述研究结论从理论上较好地阐明了PVTD的作用机制。     

城市建设用地与地质环境协调性评价的GIS方法及其应用

城市地质环境评价是城市规划和场地选址的基础 .以兰州市为例 ,以地理信息系统软件ARC/INFO为开发平台 ,建立了城市地质环境基础数据库 ,将城市用地类型分为高层建筑用地、多层建筑用地、低层建筑用地、垃圾填埋用地及自然保护用地 ,系统分析了各类用地与地质环境协调性评价的指标体系 ,采用层次分析法建立了评价模型 ,对不同的用地类型进行了评价 .结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地进行城市建设用地与地质环境的协调性评价     

贵州省煤炭资源优度评价

基于贵州省煤炭资源分布和赋存特点,构建了煤炭资源评价体系。运用灰色聚类分析方法,对贵州省166个勘查区进行分析评价,确定其优劣顺序。结果表明:单元优度值介于44.46~83.13,各单元间差异不大;贵州省具有良好的煤炭资源条件,“优”和“良”级资源占参评总资源量一半以上;煤炭资源在毕节和六盘水分布优势明显,适于优先带动开发。     

节理峰值后归一化位移软化模型

切向荷载作用下贯通节理岩体峰值强度后的剪切应力、位移变形规律一般呈双曲线形式发展,即峰值后强度衰减速率逐步变小而趋于0,到达残余强度。直剪试验表明,非贯通节理岩体峰值后剪切应力、位移呈“S”型趋势发展,即强度衰减速率先是逐步增大,到达一定程度后逐步减少,最后趋于稳定达到残余强度值。贯通节理岩体峰值强度后的本构关系并不适合于描述该特征。提出一个新的非线性归一化位移软化本构模型,通过归一化剪切应力R与归一化剪切位移D的指数函数关系体现峰值后剪切应力、位移的发展趋势,即模型采用无量纲表达式。归一化剪切应力R是峰值后强度降? p-? 与峰值强度、残余强度差值? p-? r的比值;归一化位移D是峰值后剪切位移、峰值位移差值? -? p与残余位移、峰值位移差值? r -? p的比值。对含不同起伏角的非贯通节理岩体在常法向荷载条件下的直剪试验数据进行拟合分析,模型预测结果与实测值具有相当高的吻合度,验证了模型的正确性     

Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.     

A meta-analysis of the impacts of forest logging on soil CO_2 efflux

Soil CO_2 efflux, the second largest flux in a forest carbon budget, plays an important role in global carbon cycling. Forest logging is expected to have large effects on soil CO_2 efflux and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of soil CO_2 efflux dynamics in response to forest logging remains elusive due to large variability in results obtained across individual studies. Here, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the results of 77 individual field studies to determine the impacts of forest logging on soil CO_2 efflux. Our results reveal that forest logging significantly stimulated soil CO_2 efflux of the growing season by 5.02%. However, averaged across all studies, nonsignificant effect was detected following forest logging. The large variation among forest logging impacts was best explained by forest type, logging type, and time since logging. Soil CO_2 efflux in coniferous forests exhibited a significant increase(4.38%) due to forest logging, while mixed and hardwood forests showed no significant change. Logging type also had a significant effect on soil CO_2 efflux, with thinning increasing soil CO_2 efflux by 12.05%, while clear-cutting decreasing soil CO_2 efflux by 8.63%. The time since logging also had variable effects, with higher soil CO_2 efflux for 2 years after logging, and lower for 3-6 years after logging; when exceeded 6 years, soil CO_2 efflux increased. As significantly negative impacts of forest logging were detected on fine root biomass, the general positive effects on soil CO_2 efflux can be explained by the accelerated decomposition of organic matter as a result of elevated soil temperature and organic substrate quality. Our results demonstrate that forest logging had potentially negative effects on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems.     

基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数

基于振动的结构健康监测的前提是从振动测试信号中提取结构模态参数。随机子空间方法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辨识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应信号中提取结构模态参数。在随机子空间识别方法中,确定系统的阶数是该方法的关键工作,稳定图方法是一种比较新颖的确定系统阶次的方法。但是随机子空间方法容易产生虚假模态,这也是随机子空间方法的一个主要缺陷。因此针对于这一缺陷提出了一种基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数方法,该方法的基本思想是将在现场采集的结构的输出信号进行分段,将各段信号用随机子空间结合稳定图进行识别,然后将所有各段所识别的模态参数再一次用稳定图方法进行分析,得出结构的模态参数。最后用一三跨连续梁的数值模型对该方法进行验证,结果表明该方法具有良好的识别效果。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙的变形能力及基于性能的抗震设计

影响钢筋混凝土剪力墙变形能力的主要因素包括高宽比r、轴压比n、边缘约束构件约束程度等.本文首先建立了钢筋混凝土剪力墙端部约束构件的配箍特征值λvw、轴压比n、高宽比r与剪力墙极限位移Δuw之间的关系,即λvw-n-r-Δuw关系,然后通过7个研究机构所进行的钢筋混凝土剪力墙试验对该关系进行了验证.在此关系的基础上,本文提出了钢筋混凝土剪力墙基于性能的抗震设计方法.根据本文方法,设计者可以在已知层间位移角需求θ及确定损伤指标Dw的情况下对剪力墙端部约束构件进行配箍.本文最后通过一算例详细介绍了该方法的设计过程.     

江西岿美山金矿床地质地球化学特征

岿美山金矿，是目前赣南钨锡矿外围发现的众多金矿点中规模最大的金矿床，估算其金储量达中型以上，金矿体受NW向断裂构造控制，长＞600m，延深＞170m，呈上芝下窄的漏斗状，主要含金岩石为次生石英岩，黄铁绢英岩，含硫化物石英脉，通过矿床地质，地球化学研究认为，属浅成低温热液型金矿床，是燕山期构造一岩浆演化钨金成矿系列的重要组成部分，通过岿美山金矿床成因，找矿标志研究，为赣南钨锡矿区基底构造层浅变质碎屑岩建造中寻找同类型金矿床提供了重要的理论依据和找矿线索。     

基于空三模型实现非接触式实测地质剖面解决方案研究

本文提出的"基于空三模型实现非接触式实测地质剖面解决方案",是通过导出空间三维模型剖面多段线三维坐标,使用自主开发的辅助软件,在AutoCAD中快捷生成剖面图。通过实践,该方案能快速完成无需人工到实地进行实测的实测剖面工作,尤其危岩体勘查中能精确反映高陡崖区微地貌起伏形态和结构面特征,解决了人工实测无法完成的工作。