2003年2月14日新疆石河子南5.0和5.4级地震灾害减轻因素的分析

2003年2月14日新疆石河子南发生了5．0和5．4级地震。地震发生在北天山石场东南高山区内，位于亚马特断裂与斜切天山的博罗科努断裂所夹持断块的南缘。地震仅对石河子南山矿区所属的红沟煤矿、小沟煤矿与沙湾县煤矿等50、60年代建造的部分危房造成了轻微的破坏，大部分地区的房屋基本完好。造成地震灾害减轻的主要原因为多条断裂的隔震作用与居民点位于山区较平缓地带、场地条件较好等因素。     

Study of statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasting regional air quality

Based on analysis of the air pollution observational data at 8 observation sites in Beijing including outer suburbs during the period from September 2004 to March 2005, this paper reveals synchronal and in-phase characteristics in the spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants on a city-proper scale at deferent sites; describes seasonal differences of the pollutant emission influence between the heating and non-heating periods, also significantly local differences of the pollutant emission influence between the urban district and outer suburbs, i.e. the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutant is closely related with that of the pollutant emission intensity. This study shows that due to complexity of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution emission sources, the new generation Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model developed by the EPA of USA produced forecasts, as other models did, with a systematic error of significantly lower than observations, albeit the model has better capability than previous models had in predicting the spatial distribution and variation tendency of multi-sort pollutants. The reason might be that the CMAQ adopts average amount of pollutant emission inventory, so that the model is difficult to objectively and finely describe the distribution and variation of pollution emission sources intensity on different spatial and temporal scales in the areas, in which the pollution is to be forecast. In order to correct the systematic prediction error resulting from the average pollutant emission inventory in CMAQ, this study proposes a new way of combining dynamics and statistics and establishes a statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasts of regional air quality by utilizing the relationship of CMAQ outputs with corresponding observations, and tests the forecast capability. The investigation of experiments presents that CMAQ-MOS reduces the systematic errors of CMAQ because of the uncertainty of pollution emission inventory and improves the forecast level of air quality. Also this work employed a way of combining point and area forecasting, i.e. taking the products of CMAQ for a center site to forecast air pollution for other sites in vicinity with the scheme of model products "reanalysis" and average over the "area".     

新时期煤矿水害防治技术所面临的基本问题

总结分析了近年来我国煤矿水害事故发生发展的基本规律与特点,从矿井水文地质条件、煤矿生产方式与管理方式、现有的矿井防治水技术及其应用等不同方面,阐述了造成这一水害特点的根本原因,分析了当前煤矿生产对水害安全保障条件的基本要求和煤矿水害防治技术所面临的基本问题,提出了新形势下保障矿井水害安全的关键技术.     

云南峨山塔甸地区中元古界黑山头组石英岩矿地质特征

通过1:5万区域地质调查、典型剖面及刻槽采样等研究, 在云南峨山塔甸地区中元古界黑山头组识别出厚104~227 m数层石英岩矿层, 含矿岩性为灰白色、白色、乳白色块-厚层状石英岩, 呈隐晶质-粒状变晶结构, 主要由石英(＞95%)组成; 分析显示样品SiO2含量为95.15%~99.41%, Al2O3含量为0.21%~2.61%, CaO含量为0.008%~0.047%, TFe2O3含量为0.088%~0.47%, K2O含量为0.009%~0.56%, MgO含量为0.010%~ 0.13%, Na2O含量为0.012%~1.4%, TiO2含量为0.011%~0.06%, 部分达到玻璃用、结晶硅用等硅质原料矿工业指标要求, 黑山头组石英岩矿为多层位赋存且单体厚度大的矿体, 层位稳定, 且延伸较远, 为一套滨海相沉积-变质型石英岩矿床, 具有较大潜在价值和经济效益, 有望形成大型石英岩矿原料产地。     

古海洋溶解氧研究方法综述

介绍了国内外在古海洋溶解氧研究领域内的主要方法和动态，并分别对沉积构造法、沉积硫法、同位素法、微量元素法、稀土元素法、有机地球化学法及古生态法等研究方法进行了全面的分析和评论，指出,古海洋溶解氧含量重建对于理解大洋循环、古气候、生物绝灭、地质事件以及有机质演化具有十分重要的科学意义，它有赖于溶解氧含量的替代性指标的建立、富氧问题研究的进一步深入以及综合分析气圈、水圈、沉积圈、生物圈等各子系统内部及它们之间氧的物质输送和转化。     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

风沙流中沙粒浓度分布的实验研究

利用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）,在风洞内对与天然沙接近的石英沙风沙流沙颗粒浓度沿高度分布进行了研究。对 3种不同轴线风速研究结果表明,风沙流中沙粒浓度沿水平方向基本不变,而随高度呈指数衰减,而且其衰减速率与风速密切相关。风速越大,衰减速率越慢;风速越小,衰减速率越快。风沙运动一旦发生时,靠近沙床表面的沙粒浓度随风速变化很小,可以认为趋于稳定,达到最大值。     

Tectonic Evolution of the Himalayan Collision Belt

This paper discusses the tectonic divisions of the Himalayan collision belt anddeals with the tectonic evolution of the collision belt in the context of crustal accretion in thefront of the collision belt, deep diapirism and thermal-uplift extension and deep material flow-ing of the lithosphere-backflowing. Finally it proposes a model of the tectonic evolution-progressive intracontinental deformation model-of the Himalayan belt.     

沉积岩中蒙脱石-伊利石混层矿物的SEM/EDAX分析

本文利用扫描电子显微镜与X射线能量色散分析联合法,对沉积岩中蒙脱石-伊利石混层矿物进行系统微区成分分析,求出混合层中伊利石的百分含量。     

河南鲁山县四棵树河流域泥石流灾害其防治

鲁山县四棵树河流域位于豫西伏牛山巨大的伏牛岩基东麓。区内山势陡峭,具大陆性季风气候,多暴雨,近期最大雨量116.9mm/h,日降雨达446mm。山洪泥石流是区内特有的一种自然地质灾害,它具有暴发频次高、暴发突然、流速快、破坏性大等特点,常冲毁道路、耕地和房舍,危及人民生命、财产安全。从对区内山地地形、气候、暴雨特征、岩性、土壤、泥石流及其造成的灾害状况等的调查、分析、研究,基本探索出泥石流运行轨迹即地表径流形成区、泥石流形成区、泥石流流通区、泥石流堆积区。根据上述特征,因地制宜地配置工程措施和非工程措施进行全面综合防治,重点对泥石流沟实施工程布防措施和山坡实施水土保持生物工程措施,对病险水库进行除险加固,从而达到标本兼治,防治泥石流灾害的发生和发展,改善生态环境,最终实现人与自然协调共处的目标。