丁二酸桥联双核铜Cu(C_3N_2H_4)_2(C_4H_5O_4)_2晶体的超分子结构及形貌特征

用XRD,SEM和TEM研究新型配合物Cu(C3N2H4)2(C4H5O4)2的超分子结构和微观形貌,并对新型晶体的平衡外形进行模拟计算,结果表明:该配合物分子具有丁二酸桥联的双核铜结构,中心铜离子处在2个咪唑和4个丁二酸以单齿配位组成的八面体中心,在ab平面,分子中有十四元大环,环内Cu(1)-Cu(2)原子间距为0.8031nm,C(2)-C(2′)为0.4183nm;在ac平面,沿着[010]方向分子内呈现凹的六边形纳米级孔洞;沿[100]方向分子依靠弱的氢键作用,层状堆积成三维超分子结构。此外,随着丁二酸的碳链沿[001]方向无限延伸,形成以铜离子为交叉中心的带状拓扑构型。SEM观察到晶体表面形成有明显的凹坑,区域呈现层状阶梯,说明晶体在(100)面遵照台阶-扭折模型呈层状生长结晶。TEM微区形貌像显示晶体存在条纹和缺陷结构,整体保持柱状构型,这与模拟的晶体平衡外形呈柱状一致。模拟结果表明晶体最易外显晶面为(100)面,外显比例达41.247%,这与晶体超分子层沿[100]方向通过氢键作用堆积,键作用力较弱密切相关。     

PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHT MEASURED BY A WIND PROFILER BASED ON THE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is an important input parameter for any boundary layer study or model, either climate or atmospheric. The variation of the PBLH is also of great significance to the physical processes of numerical prediction, diagnosis of weather forecasting and monitoring urban pollutants. However, effective ways to monitor the PBLH continuously are lack. Wind profilers are commonly used in monitoring PBLH continuously because of its high temporal and spatial resolution, coupled with capability of continuous detection. In this paper, the covariance wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyze the range-corrected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the wind profiler to determine the PBLH, which is then compared with the results measured by the gradient method and the radiosonde. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The scaling parameter a and translation parameter b of the wavelet are critical in determination of the PBLH by applying the CWT as different values may get completely different results, which requires to select appropriate values in the calculation carefully. (2) Quality control is crucial in determining the PBLH because good quality control can help remove mutation points, which makes the determined PBLH more consistent with the actual situation. (3) In clear-air, the gradient method is not applicable if the boundary layer turbulence is inhomogeneous and the impact of noise is large for that it is easy to be impacted by the mutation of SNR caused by the atmosphere turbulence instability and other factors, which will cause large errors, while the CWT method as an improvement of the gradient method can determine the PBLH quite well. (4) Through quality control, the PBLHs determined by the CWT are consistent with those of radiosonde, and the correlation coefficient between them is 0.87.     

女性乳腺癌MRI扩散特征与HER-2表达相关性初步研究

目的:探讨女性乳腺癌MR扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)与HER-2表达的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2018年至2019年于本院就诊并经手术证实的31例女性乳腺癌患者MR功能成像中病灶组织的扩散特征及ADC的范围,并使用免疫组织化学方法观察HER-2受体表达的情况。结果:乳腺癌组织在DWI图像b=0序列上呈等信号,而在b=800序列上呈高信号;所有病例病灶组织ADC的范围约为(0.78±0.18)×10^-3/mm²;HER-2阳性表达的患者ADC范围约为(0.88±0.27)×10^-3/mm²;HER-2阴性表达的患者ADC范围约为(0.77±0.19)×10^-3/mm²。结论:HER-2阳性表达的患者ADC值较阴性表达者的ADC高,在ADC为(0.88±0.27)×10^-3/mm²范围内HER-2阳性表达率较高,由此可见MR功能成像中ADC对女性乳腺癌患者的临床病理分型及术后治疗方案的选择有重要的参考...     

地震海洋学研究进展

传统船舶调查获取海洋水体温盐资料的方法在水平方向上分辨率较低,而用反射地震探测海洋水体特性的方法--地震海洋学,能有效提高海水温盐资料在水平方向上的分辨率.概述了近5年来地震海洋学的发展过程,重点介绍了地震海洋学方法在海洋锋面观测、水团边界划分、海洋内波分析、中尺度涡旋等方面的研究成果,以及AVO、全波形反演等反射地震处理方法在海洋水体特性研究中的应用.比较了地震海洋学方法与声层析技术、高频声技术等声学方法应用于海洋水体特性研究的异同.并展望了下一步研究工作的重点:①有关地震反射剖面的各种参数与海洋水体温盐结构物理模型的联系及其定量分析;②以研究海洋水体特性为目标的地震反射剖面的处理方法;③海洋地震调查历史数据的应用.     

煤中水可动性的核磁共振响应及其影响因素

依托韩城地区主要煤层,开展了饱和水煤岩在两种不同离心速率下离心1.5h后的核磁共振实验。同时,结合称重测煤芯饱和度的方法,分析了不同离心速率下煤岩内部可动流体和束缚流体的消长关系。实验表明,离心速率增大,煤岩核磁整体信号衰减,横向弛豫时间(T2)的几何均值和截止值逐渐下降。与饱和水煤岩相比,2000r/min速率离心后的煤岩T2谱强度下降5.14%~52.39%,几何均值下降24.72%~71.22%;4000r/min速率离心后的煤岩T2谱强度下降49.51%~63.36%,几何均值下降44.69%~81.59%;T2截止值下降44.09%~74.30%。研究发现,离心前后煤岩内部残留水量变化率与T2谱累计强度变化率具有很好的一致性,但与几何均值之间的相关性明显较差。分析认为,离心速率和孔渗特征共同决定煤层水可动性的NMR响应。     

低序级断层波动方程正演及特征分析

低序级断层是复杂断块油藏勘探开发的重要研究内容,对油田开发后期落实剩余油分布、解决注采矛盾具有重要意义.本文采用声波方程有限差分正演模拟,对以下几种情形进行了研究:(1)低序级断层与埋深、主频以及信噪比之间的关系;(2)观测系统对断层的影响;(3)物性差异产生的假断层问题;(4)大断层衍生出小断层的正演问题;(5)断层破碎带的影响以及断层封堵带含流体的影响.在上述理论模型正演分析的基础上,根据胜利油田典型构造带的地震剖面建立速度模型,研究了不同组合模式的低序级断层的识别能力,最后分析了波动方程正演模拟和褶积合成地震记录的区别.通过对低序级断层正演模拟特征的分析,得出了不同资料质量、不同地质情况以及不同组合模式下,能够准确识别的断层的极限.理论上能够识别的断层最小断距为7 m左右,最小可能会达到5 m,子波主频适当提高,数据采集时炮点和检波点越密集,道间距越小,多个断层的横向或纵向间隔越大,断层的落差越大时,越能够准确地定位断点并确定断层位置.本文研究成果对油田科研生产中低序级断层的正确判别以及提高断层检测方法的可信度方面具有重要意义.     

“9·5”泸定震后落井沟泥石流灾变过程预测分析

落井沟位于四川省泸定县得妥镇东南部,从沟口至其东南部约11 km处有正在运营的大岗山水电站。为有效防止落井沟泥石流对得妥人民的生命财产及大岗山水电站的运维造成的威胁与损毁,开展对泸定震后落井沟内物源分布特征与不同降雨周期下泥石流运动演化过程分析。“9·5”泸定地震后,耦合现场调查与地震前后遥感影像解译,得出强震致使落井沟流域内产生滑坡37处,总面积约0.125 km²,并采用LiDAR航拍技术优化解译结果,得到实际松散堆积物方量为15.52万m³。随后结合精准物源、精细化地形及5%、2%、1%降雨频率,开展基于OpenLISEM数值计算的落井沟泥石流运动演化特征研究。结果表明：5%、2%、1%降雨重现周期下落井沟泥石流运动过程的最大泥深分别为6、8、11 m,最大流速分别为5、7、10 m/s; 5%、2%降雨频率下泥石流对大渡河的堵江程度较小,1%频率下可造成半堵江状态。     

俯冲带库仑楔形体力学

楔形体理论研究楔形体在底部摩擦力、重力和边界外力共同作用下内部的应力状态,有助于我们定量分析断层强度和岩石性质与楔形体稳定状态之间的关系.本文首先简要介绍基于不同楔形体材料而得出的应力解析解.然后介绍基于理想弹塑性材料的俯冲带库仑楔应力解析解.最后介绍基于该解析解而提出的动态库仑楔形体理论.俯冲带地震反射剖面数据表明,弧前靠近海沟部分地表坡度比较陡,其内部经历复杂永久塑性变形（称为外部楔形体,outer wedge）.而靠近内陆部分地表坡度比较平缓,反射剖面显示沉积层呈水平规则分布,常伴随沉积盆地（称为内部楔形体,inner wedge）.动态库仑楔形体理论认为弧前这种地表形态和内部构造特征的不同,可能反映了断层面摩擦性质的差异性.内部楔形体对应于断层面上的生震带,在地震周期可能主要经历弹性变形.而外部楔形体对应于断层面上的无震蠕滑部分,在地震发生时可能产生塑性破坏、永久变形.

     

The Role of the Aerosol Indirect Effect in the Northern Indian Ocean Warming Simulated by CMIP5 Models

The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.     

Multiple Volcanic Episodes of Flood Basalts Caused by Underplating

Most Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are emplaced within <10 Ma, with a main pulse of the magmatism in<1 Ma[1]. For example, the Siberian Traps [2] and the Deccan Traps [3] were probably erupted within one million years. Many events, such as the Columbia River event, feature a single pulse of magmatism, followed by a protrac-ted period of magmatism at a much lower rate that is linked to a plume tail[4].