平台钢在海洋环境中腐蚀因子的灰色关联分析

结合海洋平台实测的pH值、温度、溶解氧、盐度、生物附着等数据,通过灰色关联算法分析了海水腐蚀因子对平台钢腐蚀的影响,并按实际影响大小进行了排序。结果表明海水腐蚀因子对于A537-1钢和SM50B-ZC钢平均腐蚀速率的影响主次顺序不同。对平台钢的腐蚀规律研究及现场应用提供了可参考的依据。     

辐射沙洲南翼“水道-沙洲”系统与西太阳沙的稳定

通过对江苏岸外辐射沙洲动态和西太阳沙海域动力泥沙环境的分析,论述了西太阳沙演变的宏观背景;由实测固定断面资料、地形资料的对比得出近40年来西太阳沙表面形态和水下地形的变化;结合西太阳沙表面泥沙在波浪和波流共同作用下运动特性的水槽试验研究,分析了西太阳沙冲淤变化的动力机制。从“烂沙洋水道-西太阳沙-西太阳沙南水道”系统的角度研究了西太阳沙演变的控制因素和演变规律。     

ATS藻板与自然礁石上藻群生物多样性的比较

ATS(algal turf scrubber)系统是一种利用潮间带藻类高效去除富营养化水体中氮(N)、磷(P)元素的水质净化系统, 藻类是支持整个系统最重要的组成部分, 其群落结构与水质净化效果密切相关。该研究基于Illumina MiSeq平台的高通量测序技术对海水水族缸的ATS系统中藻板样品和自然礁石上的藻类进行多样性分析。18S rDNA研究结果表明, ATS系统中经筛选得到藻类优化序列21390条, 其中对丝藻属Antithamnion占主要地位, 占序列总数的22.79%, 其次19.07%序列归入斜纹藻属Psammodictyon; 宋井、展南亭、后宅3个地区的藻类经筛选分别得到88435、87129、106458条优化序列, 主要为分枝色指藻属Chroodactylon、宽果藻属Mastocarpus和日本马泽藻属Mazzaella。ATS系统和自然环境样品共有的优势藻为骨条藻属Skeletonema和仙菜属Ceramium。本实验在研究ATS系统与自然礁石上的藻类群落相似性的同时, 深入探究了其群落结构的差异性, 为进一步优化ATS系统的功能提供了理论依据。     

Enhanced a novel β-agarase production in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) through induction mode optimization and glycerol feeding strategy

Agarases are hydrolytic enzymes that act on the hydrolysis of agar and have a broad range of applications in food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a glycerol feeding strategy based on induction mode optimization for high cell density and β-agarase production was established, which could effectively control acetate yield. First, exponential feeding strategy of glycerol with different overall specific growth rates(μ) was applied in the pre-induction phase. The results showed that the low μ(μ=0.2) was suggested to be the optimal for cell growth and β-agarase production. Second, the effects of induction temperature and the inducer concentration on cell growth and β-agarase production were investigated in the post-induction phase. When induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside(IPTG), the strategy of 0.8 mmol/L IPTG induction at 20℃ was found to be optimal for β-agarase production. When cultivation was induced by continuous lactose feeding strategy of 1.0 g/(L·h), the β-agarase activity reached 112.5 U/mL, which represented the highest β-agarase production to date.Furthermore, the β-agarase was capable of degrading G. lemaneiformis powder directly to produce neoagarooligosaccharide, and the hydrolysates were neoagarotetraose(NA4) and neoagarohexaose(NA6). The overall research may be useful for the industrial production and application of β-agarase.     

利用臭氧氧化发光光谱特征检测水质污染

利用不同的污染物质在被臭氧氧化时发光特性不同的原理检测水质污染。检测出来的发光光谱与不同污染源的特征光谱进行对比,辅助发光时序等特征,检测几种污染物的含量和确定污染源。对涉及的有关技术问题进行了探讨。     

广东流沙湾5种贝类的δ~（13）C值和δ~（15）N值研究

广东流沙湾海水养殖业发达,尤其是贝类增养殖已成为当地的支柱产业.但近年来其养殖环境的恶化对贝类产品的安全输出造成了越来越严重的影响,利用稳定同位素技术研究贝类的新陈代谢过程可为贝类增养殖提供较先进的基础数据.本研究选取流沙湾的5种重要养殖贝类,对其肌肉组织、鳃、外套膜和内脏囊分别进行稳定碳、氮同位素测定分析.结果表明,贝类δ13C值的范围是-19.14‰～-15.11‰,δ15N值的范围是6.10‰～10.57‰.从大小、组织、种类三方面比较5种贝类的稳定碳氮同位素比值,可得出如下结论：同种贝类,大小不同,其δ13C、δ15N值大都随壳长、壳重的增大而减小,但翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）的δ13C值和墨西哥湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians concentricus）的δ15N值则相反,无论大、小组之间δ13C、δ15N值的变化是增大还是减小,幅度均不超过1.00‰;同种贝类,组织不同,其δ13C、δ15N的最小值均为内脏囊,δ13C的最大值不定,δ15N的最大值也是内脏囊;相同组织,不同贝类,其δ13C、δ15N值的大小排列顺序各不相同,无统一规律,但华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）的δ13C值均小于墨西哥湾扇贝,而马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）的δ15N值均小于企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）.由研究数据可推知流沙湾双壳贝类的物质与能量流动途径基本是由内脏囊到外套膜和鳃,最后到肌肉.     

1988—2015年马六甲海峡岸线时空变化特征分析

基于Landsat遥感影像,建立1988年、2000年和2015年3个时期马六甲海峡两侧的岸线数据,并从岸线结构、岸线变化速率、海陆格局和岸线开发利用强度等方面分析1988—2000年、2000—2015年和1988—2015年不同时段区域陆体以及槟城港等12个主要港口区域的岸线时空变化特征。结果如下:岸线结构变化显著,人工岸线长度和比例急剧增加,港口区域逐渐从单一类型主导向多元结构转变;除个别港口外,两侧岸线均呈向海扩张状态,南北两岸的岸线平均变化速率分别为0.91m/a和1.20m/a;因海峡南岸沼泽广布、地势低平及海平面上升等原因,其岸线稳定性差于海峡北岸;岸线开发利用强度持续增强,并表现出明显的海峡北岸强于南岸的空间差异,以及北岸第一阶段增长快于第二阶段,南岸第一阶段增长慢于第二阶段的时间差异。马六甲海峡的交通运输功能是两岸岸线变化的主要驱动因素。本研究对认识马六甲海峡两岸及港口区域岸线的时空变化和发展特征有重要意义,对海峡及港口岸线的综合管理具有一定借鉴作用。     

Microbial diversity in Huguangyan Maar Lake of China revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Huguangyan Maar Lake is a typical maar lake in the southeast of China. It is well preserved and not disturbed by anthropogenic activities. In this study, microbial community structures in sediment and water samples from Huguangyan Maar Lake were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. We found significant differences between the microbial community compositions of the water and the sediment. The sediment samples contained more diverse Bacteria and Archaea than did the water samples. Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria predominated in the water samples while Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae, Nitrospira, and Dehalococcoidia were the major bacterial groups in the sediment. As for Archaea, Woesearchaeota (DHVEG-6), unclassified Archaea, and Deep Sea Euryarchaeotic Group were detected at higher abundances in the water, whereas the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Thermoplasmata, and Methanomicrobia were significantly more abundant in the sediment. Interactions between Bacteria and Archaea were common in both the water column and the sediment. The concentrations of major nutrients (NO^3-, PO4^3-, SiO3^2- and NH4^+) shaped the microbial population structures in the water. At the higher phylogenetic levels including phylum and class, many of the dominant groups were those that were also abundant in other lakes;however, novel microbial populations (unclassified) were often seen at the lower phylogenetic levels. Our study lays a foundation for examining microbial biogeochemical cycling in sequestered lakes or reservoirs.     

基于de novo高通量测序的曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)ESTs中微卫星位点筛选与特征分析

对均一化转录组测序获得的47604个曼氏无针乌贼的微卫星序列进行分析,结果表明,乌贼转录组中微卫星位点丰富,每1402nt的EST中就有一段不小于12nt长度的微卫星序列。单碱基重复是EST微卫星序列的主要形式(38.69%),其次依次为三碱基(31.14%)、二碱基(26.35%)、四碱基(3.29%)、五碱基(0.38%)、六碱基(0.14%)重复,短序列类型占微卫星总量的96.18%。同碱基类型的微卫星序列组成又存在差异,AC(54.51%)和AG(31.22%)是最常见的二碱基重复序列;而AGC(16.37%)和AAC(14.06%)是最常见的三碱基重复序列。通过引物设计和体系优化,共筛选到了24对多态性微卫星位点,对来自福建漳州海域的35只野生曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)个体进行群体遗传学检测,结果表明,每个位点检测到的等位基因数3—10个不等(均值5.9个);平均杂合度观测值(Ho)和期望值(H_e)分别为0.518和0.681。除2个位点外所有位点的多态信息含量(PIC)都大于0.5。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,仅4个位点有显著偏离(P0.05),未检测到连锁不平衡现象。这表明转录组高通量测序技术适于乌贼微卫星位点的开发,获得的SSR标记可用于今后乌贼资源遗传评估和科学有效管理过程。     

考虑发电机尾流作用的潮流能理论可开发量的评估

In this study, we construct one 2–dimensional tidal simulation, using an unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM). In the 2–D model, we simulated the tidal turbines through adding additional bottom drag in the element where the tidal turbines reside. The additional bottom drag was calculated from the relationship of the bottom friction dissipation and the rated rotor efficiency of the tidal energy turbine. This study analyzed the effect of the tidal energy turbine to the hydrodynamic environment, and calculated the amount of the extractable tidal energy resource at the Guishan Hangmen Channel, considering the rotor wake effect.