采用复合单元法模拟裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动

采用复合单元法建立了模拟裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动的数值模型。该模型具有以下特点：裂隙不需要离散成特定单元，而是根据几何位置插入到孔隙基质单元中形成复合单元；在复合单元中，分别建立裂隙流和孔隙基质流的计算方程，二者通过裂隙?基质界面产生联系并整合成复合单元方程；复合单元方程具有和常规有限单元方程相同的格式，因此，可以使用常规有限单元方程的求解技术。采用欠松弛迭代、集中质量矩阵以及自适应时步调节等技术，开发了裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动计算程序。通过模拟一维干土入渗和复杂裂隙含水层内的流动问题，验证了该模型的合理性和适用性。模拟结果为进一步认识非饱和裂隙含水层地下水流动特性提供了理论依据。     

ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SARGASSUM THUNBEGII

ImODUcrIONSa~ll)lisalargegenerabelongingtothedassofFucales,Whosemembersaremorethan250.SargassumthunbopiiisthemostabundantwhdspedesintheYell0wScacoast,andisWdelydistributedalongtheentireChinacoastcyseng,1983).AlthoughsornestudiesonelemetSinseawtalshavebenTnadebyvariousauth0rspeanetal.,l995,Fanetal.,l996;Yamamotoetal.,l983,Whyte&Englar,l98O)theelementalcomPositioninseawedhasrareybenstudiedindetail.NeutronActivationAnalysis(NNA)isanidealmeth0dforinvestigatingtheelementalcompositioninmar…     

硫酸盐渍土在多次冻融循环时的盐胀累加规律

通过室内模拟试验,研究了硫酸盐渍土在历经多次冻融循环时的盐胀累加规律,得出了盐胀累加的不同类型,给出了累加盐胀率与循环次烽之间的关系式,进一步揭示了盐胀累加的 和影响因素。     

Distribution Patterns of Pentacyclic TriterpenoidHydrocarbons in Low-Mature Source Rocksfrom Eastern China

Four typical distribution patterns of pentacyclic triterpenoid hydrocarbons (types A-D) are distinguished in the low-mature source rocks from eastern China. Type A has a relatively high content of pentacyclic triterpenes. It exists in immature sediments and the distribution and abundance of triterpenes vary with the maturity of the sediments. An unknown C30 triterpene (UCT2) has also been detected in very shallow sediments. This compound is very unstable and disappears rapidly with the increase of depth. Type B is characterized by a relatively high amount of 17α(H), 21β(H)-30-homohopane. This kind of distribution pattern is common in coals and terrestrial sediments of low maturity. Type C has a relatively high content of diahopane and neohopane series. The analysis shows that this distribution pattern may have an indirect relationship with the input of higher plants despite its microbial source. There are C30-unconfirmed triterpane (UCT2) and a relatively high content of C35 hopane in type D. The dist     

地震的感应磁效应（二）

本文是“地震的感应磁效应（一）--三维电磁感应的数值理论”一文的继续。首先从理论和实际计算两个方面证明了三维电磁感应数值方程解的唯一性、收敛性和稳定性,从而充实了作为研究地壳、上地幔电性结构横向不均匀性理论基础的“三维数值方法”。作为这一理论方法的实际应用,文中对不同源场周期和具有不同埋藏深度的三维电导率异常体进行了模拟计算,以研究地震感应磁效应的大小、空间分布特征和频率特性。模拟计算结果表明,对于周期从数秒到数分钟的地磁短周期变化,若电导率异常体的线度与5至7级地震的震源体积大体相当,其电导率较原背景电导率高近一个量级,其感应磁效应主要特征为:在异常体正上方,地面磁场的水平分量变化最大,相对变化量约30％;在异常体于源场方向一致的两侧,垂直分量变化最大,相对变化量约40-50％。因此,观测短周期地磁场的异常变化,有可能是监测地震孕育过程地下电性变化的一种试验途径。但由于上述异常强度在空间上衰减迅速,所以观测必须接近震源区,这对测点的选择是个不利的因素。     

关千ΔT磁异常的解释

本文对于二度问题证明了总磁場强度△T与垂直磁場强度Z的一般表达式具有相同的形式,因此可以把△T异常曲线看成Z异常曲线,利用复变函数理论中的柯西-黎曼条件我们就可根据△T异常曲线计算出与H异常曲线相当的所谓△T的“负共轭调和函数”△T,文中指出了同时利用△T及其原函数△T将有助于磁测资料的解释工作,还举出了两个应用的例子:1)根据△T与△T计算二度体的磁矩及其倾角;2)利用观测水平上的△T及△T值将△T向下解析延拓。     

一种锁相环调频方法在铷原子频标中的应用

为了进一步实现铷原子频标小型化,分析了几种典型的锁相环调频电路及其特点,设计了一种锁相环二进制移频键控2FSK(binary frequency shift keying)调频方案,给出了调频信号的频谱测试结果。该调频方案已成功地应用在小型化数字式铷原子频标中,能够满足小型化铷原子频标的要求。     

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land Use Intensity of Coastal Zone in China During 2000–2010

Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, land use maps in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in China′s coastal zone were produced, and structural raster data of land use were further generated to calculate land use intensity comprehensive index(LUICI) for analyzing land use spatial-temporal characteristics at 1 km scale. Results show that: 1) from the perspective of spatial patterns of landforms at a macro scale, there is a significant difference in land use intensity between the north and the south of China′s coastal zone. Hotspots of changes mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, estuaries and coastal wetlands; 2) elevation is an important factor that controlling land use spatial patterns at local scale. Land use intensity is much higher within areas below the elevation of 400 m and it decreased significantly as the elevation increasing; 3) there is a significant land-ocean gradient for land use intensity, which is low in island and near-shore areas, but high in the regions that 4–30 km far away the coastline because of much intensive human activities; however, in recent decades land use intensity had been promoted significantly in low near-shore area due to extensive sea reclamations; 4) significant differences of land use intensity were also found among provincial administrative units. A rising trend of land use intensity was found in provincial-level administrative units from 2000 to 2010. To sum up, elevation, land-ocean gradient, socio-economic status and policy are all influencing factors to the spatial patterns and temporal variations of land use intensity in China′s coastal zone.     

海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefacien)产抗生素Macrolactin A的碳源优化

为提高一株海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ESB-2生产大环内酯类抗生素Macrolactin A的能力,利用大孔树脂对发酵液进行粗提取,利用高速逆流色谱法,高效、快速分离制备出高纯度的Macrolactin A。采用高效液相色谱法检测不同碳源对Macrolactin A产量的影响,且在优化基础上采用摇瓶发酵得到海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的发酵过程曲线。结果表明:高速逆流色谱法能够高效快速的制备出Macrolactin A纯品,纯度达到95%以上,明显优于高效液相色谱;添加葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖均有利于Macrolactin A的生成,麦芽糖为最佳碳源,最佳浓度为1%,其产量达到18.5mg/L,是优化前的2倍多。本研究可为提高Macrolactin A的产量、解决其药源问题、实现规模化生产打下了良好的基础。     

深水地震资料速度分析方法与应用

深水地震资料受水深、海况、地貌、地质情况以及采集等因素的影响,速度分析同时也受各向异性、水深变化、噪音干扰严重、照明分布不均等特征的影响,因此,常规速度分析方法不能满足深水地震资料速度分析的需要。针对这些问题,采取运用高密各向异性双谱速度的分析方法拾取高密度速度和各向异性参数。该方法应用于南海多个深水区地震资料速度分析,取得了良好的应用效果。