搅拌桩复合地基平面模拟的简化方法探讨

水泥土搅拌桩(DMM)在高速公路工程中得到广泛应用,人们也希望能对该复合地基在路堤荷载下的地基的变形深入了解,其数值分析是一种重要的方法。但是,采用三维有限元进行数值模拟在高速公路工程中容易造成数组过大,计算时间并且收敛性比较差,因此把三维问题简化为二维问题是众望所归。在把三维问题简化二维平面问题简化计算时,最重要的是参数的折减。基于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的特性,结合理论分析提出了一种参数折减的方法。并依据连盐高速公路实测的数据验证了该参数简化方法的可行性。     

柴达木盆地盐湖锂矿床成矿过程及分布规律

柴达木盆地盐湖蕴藏230×10~4t锂,集中分布在别勒滩、东西台等4个盐湖,占我国卤水锂资源总量~80%,战略资源地位不言而喻。近年来提锂技术及工程化研究倍受重视,而对盐湖锂矿成因和分布规律的了解凸显不足,锂矿资源流失严重与之不无关联。研究查明,昆仑山高温热泉群含锂泉水长期注入洪—那河,流入终端盐湖,蒸发富集成矿;锂的年输入通量748.8 t,结合区内盐湖锂矿总储量保守估算,成矿期始于14 ka BP之后;洪—那河早期主要流向别勒滩,在山前冲积扇向北推进、扇前河改道北流后,方才形成含锂河水当前分配格局。据此,破解了别勒滩锂矿在研究区储量最大的原由。还查明了锂矿床仅存在于别勒滩,而在达布逊等3个区段不能成矿的原因。阐明了锂的来源与新生代火山喷发岩、深部岩浆房、昆仑大断裂活动有关,以及含锂热水持续远程输送至盐湖成矿的地貌和水文气候动因。企业应当根据锂的分布规律和矿床特征,迅速转变钾肥生产模式。     

国际地理联合会区域会议在智利圣地亚哥召开(英文)

The IGU Regional Conference (UGI 2011) was held on November 14-18, 2011 in Santiago, Chile. It was organized by the Military Geographic Institute (IGM). Nearly 1000 geographers across the world participated in this event. The Geographical Society of China (GSC) sent a delegation consisting of more than 40 members to attend the conference.     

耗散大气中水平不均匀风场对内重力波传播的影响

采用包括耗散的射线跟踪方法,计算了在水平不均匀风场作用下,不同尺度重力波从对流层直至220km观测高度的传播,结果表明,垂直于重力波传播方向的风以及风剪切能够引起波射线的折射,从而导致重力波明显偏离初始传播方向.在强顺风场作用下,由于风场引起的捕获,大量重力波不能传播到观测高度.由于风场引起的多普勒频移,小周期的重力波在弱顺风条件下能够传播到观测高度.由于反射作用,强逆风场不支持周期低于约18min的较高频重力波的传播.而在弱逆风作用下,大部分中尺度范围重力波都能够传播到观测高度.本文统计了武汉电离层观象台的TID观测数据随热层风场的分布,统计结果与模拟结果符合较好.     

伊犁地块北缘早志留世辉绿岩脉岩石成因与构造启示: 年代学与地球化学制约

伊犁地块北缘发育新元古代、石炭纪等多期基性岩脉, 记录了区域构造体制转换过程的重要信息。本文报道了在伊犁地块北缘温泉县乌斯图一带出露的前寒武纪变质岩系中新识别出早志留世辉绿岩脉及其围岩锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素、岩石地球化学及全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成, 并探讨了岩石成因及其构造意义。辉绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄为442±7Ma, 形成于早志留世; 围岩(淡色花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄为901±3Ma, 形成于新元古代早期。辉绿岩样品具有较高的Fe₂O₃^T(8.34%~9.81%)、全碱含量(K₂O+Na₂O=5.72%~6.86%)和较低的MgO (3.69%~4.38%)和TiO₂ (1.69%~2.00%)含量, 属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs, 如Rb、Th、U、K), 亏损高场强元素(HFSEs, 如Nb、Ta、Ti), 具有较低的Nb/Th比值(0.13~1.16)、Nb/La比值(0.42~0.45)及较高的Zr/Hf比值(39.6~42.2), 锆石ε_Hf(t)值介于+3.0~+9.1, 全岩ε_Nd(t)值介于+1.9~+3.6, 暗示其来源于受俯冲流体改造的岩石圈地幔, 源区岩石主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和石榴石二辉橄榄岩。同时, 岩石具有较低的Mg^#值(49.6~52.5)和Cr(39.8×10^-6)、Ni(17.1×10^-6)含量, 表明岩浆的演化过程中经历了镁铁质矿物的分离结晶, 受地壳混染作用不明显。岩石Zr(212×10^-6~242×10^-6)、Hf(5.16×10^-6~6.02×10^-6)、Nb(6.69×10^-6~9.24×10^-6)、Ta(0.60×10^-6~0.81×10^-6)元素含量及Zr/Y(5.21~6.82)、Hf/Th(0.69~0.91)比值等指示辉绿岩脉形成于伸展环境, 可能与奥陶纪末阿克陶-温泉微地块拼贴到伊犁地块后诱发的俯冲板片角度变化或构造体制转换而导致的伸展构造背景有关。

     

1960-2009年横断山区潜在蒸发量时空变化(英文)

Based on the meteorological data of 20 stations in the Hengduan Mountains region during 1961-2009, the annual and seasonal variation of potential evapotranspiration was analyzed in combination with the Penman-Monteith model. With the method of Spline interpolation under ArcGIS, the spatial distribution of potential evapotranspiration was presented to research the regional difference, and the correlation analysis was used to discuss the dominant factor affecting the potential evapotranspiration. The results indicated that the an-nual potential evapotranspiration showed a decreasing tendency since the 1960s, especially from the 1980s to 1990s, while it showed an increasing tendency since 2000. Regional potential evapotranspiration showed a rate of -0.17 mm a?1. Potential evapotranspiration in north, middle and south of the Hengduan Mountains exhibited decreasing trends over the studied period, and its regional trend was on the decline from southwest to northeast.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

经济层面和技术层面的碳减排研究

相关资料和事实表明,全球气候发生了很大的变化。二氧化碳是温室效应中最重要的温室气体,碳减排工作是缓解温室效应的一项重要措施,为当前科学研究热点之一。本文主要从经济和技术两个方面,较为系统和全面地介绍了当前碳减排方面的研究进展。经济层面的研究,包括数量化模型、碳税机制和碳减排附加效应几个方面。专业技术方面的研究,包括对碳行为的源汇和贮量的计算研究、碳循环研究、以及减少碳排放的工业技术的运用等。文章还简要提出了中国在碳减排研究方面应采取的几点措施。     

塔里木河水资源利用的效益与生态损失

针对塔里木河流域水资源利用引起的下游水量减少，进而导致生态退化，分析了近30年该河源流区地表水引用和河流水量变化关系，用分摊法估算了水资源利用的直接效益和恢复下游地表径流的恢复费用。