基于EWT-ARMA的短期电离层TEC预测模型

针对电离层总电子含量（TEC）数据非线性、非平稳的特点,在自回归移动平均（ARMA）模型的基础上,结合经验小波变换（EWT）,提出一种组合的短期电离层预测方法。采用IGS提供的电离层TEC格网数据进行实验,通过对比分析可知,相较于单一ARMA模型,本文组合模型在太阳活动低年和太阳活动高年5 d内的平均相对精度分别提高4.8%和2.8%,前1 d内组合模型的平均相对精度分别提高7%和6.1%。     

EWT-Elman组合模型短期电离层TEC预报

针对电离层总电子含量(TEC)非线性、高噪声的特点,建立基于经验小波变换(EWT)和Elman神经网络的短期电离层组合预报模型.运用该模型对不同地磁环境的电离层TEC时间序列进行建模预报,结果表明,EWT-Elman组合模型可反映电离层TEC的变化特征,地磁平静期预测平均相对精度为93％,均方根误差为1.04 TECu...     

多尺度相关性分析的机载双极化InSAR轨道误差校正方法

在高分辨率机载干涉SAR成像处理过程中,由于载机飞行过程中偏离理想轨迹,需要高精度的惯导系统和GPS系统记录载机的运动轨迹并进行运动补偿.然而,由于目前传感器导航精度的限制,在完成运动补偿处理后仍然存在轨道误差,从而影响干涉相位的精度,本文提出了一种机载双极化InSAR轨道误差去除方法.该方法利用小波多尺度分析对不同极...     

基于改进形态学运算的图像去噪自适应算法研究

形态学的腐蚀和膨胀两种基本运算固有特征,使其在去除图像噪声的同时,造成图像信息严重丢失.针对这种现象,首先把传统腐蚀膨胀的极值运算改进为中值运算;其次对结构元素进行改进和优化,定义单位结构元素,利用数学方法推导找到零方阵的单位结构元素;最后在这些研究工作的基础上提出一种新的自适应图像去噪算法.对比实验表明:新方法比传统形态学和中值滤波算法在低信噪比环境下具有明显优势,因此在图像去噪中具有广泛的应用前景.     

Impacts of native vegetation on the hydraulic properties of the concentrated flows in bank gullies

To quantify the impacts of native vegetation on the spatial and temporal variations in hydraulic properties of bank gully concentrated flows, a series of in situ flume experiments in the bank gully were performed at the Yuanmou Gully Erosion and Collapse Experimental Station in the dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River, Southwest China. This experiment involved upstream catchment areas withone-and two-year native grass(Heteropogon contortus) and bare land drained to bare gully headcuts, i.e., Gullies 1, 2 and 3. In Gully 4, Heteropogon contortus and Agave sisalana were planted in the upstream catchment area and gully bed, respectively. Among these experiments, the sediment concentration in runoff in Gully 3 was the highest and that in Gully 2 was the lowest, clearly indicating that the sediment concentration in runoff obviously decreased and the deposition of sediment obviously increased as the vegetation cover increased. The concentrated flows were turbulent in response to the flow discharge. The concentrated flows in the gully zones with native grass and bare land were sub-and supercritical, respectively. The flow rate and shear stress in Gully 3 upstream catchment area were highest among the four upstream catchment areas, while the flow rate and shear stress in the gully bed of Gully 4 were lowest among the four gully beds, indicating that native grass notably decreased the bank gully flow rate and shear stress. The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor(resistance f) and flow energy consumption in the gully bed of Gully 4 were notably higher than those in the other three gully beds, clearly indicating that native grass increased the bank gully surface resistance and flow energy consumption. The Reynolds number(Re), flow rate, shear stress, resistance f, and flow energy consumption in the gully beds and upstream areas increased over time, while the sediment concentration in runoff and Froude number(Fr) decreased. Overall, increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds of the bank gully is essential for gully erosion mitigation.     

Spatial-temporal Evolution of the Urban-rural Coordination Relationship in Northeast China in 1990–2018

To comprehensively understand the law of urban-rural relationship and propose scientific measures of urban-rural coordinated development in Northeast China, this study uses the coupling coordination degree model and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR) model to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns and the corresponding driving mechanisms of its urban-rural coordination since 1990. The results are as follows. First, the urban-rural coupling coordination degree in Northeast Chi...     

Evaluation of Precipitation Datasets from TRMM Satellite and Downscaled Reanalysis Products with Bias-correction in Middle Qilian Mountain,China

Accurate estimates of precipitation are fundamental for hydrometeorological and ecohydrological studies, but are more difficult in high mountainous areas because of the high elevation and complex terrain. This study compares and evaluates two kinds of precipitation datasets, the reanalysis product downscaled by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) output, and the satellite product,the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA) product, as well as t...     

基于多维景观扩张指数的城市紧凑度分析研究

城市紧凑度是反映城市空间形态的重要指标.基于二维平面上建设用地斑块与原有建设用地斑块之间的缓冲区或者共同边分析是现有研究中测度新增建设用地紧凑或者扩散的主要方式,但是这类方法忽视了斑块内部三维建筑物的高度以及斑块之间的距离.为了更加客观准确地评价微观斑块尺度实际紧凑程度,本文提出了多维景观扩张指数(Multi-dimensional Landscape Expansion Index,MDLEI),通过对中国36个主要城市建设用地图斑中的建筑物图斑进行提取,分别使用景观扩张指数(Landscape Expansion Index,LEI)和MDLEI计算建筑物图斑的扩张指数,并对各市两种扩张指数分别占所有城市均值总和的比例进行比较来确定该城市的紧凑度是否被高估.主要结论为:在扩张模式的识别上,MDLEI识别出的飞地式扩张斑块的数量和面积均高于LEI对应结果,表明LEI高估了扩散型增长斑块的紧凑程度;根据MDLEI计算得到的各市扩张斑块紧凑度,发现紧凑度较高的城市均分布在胡焕庸线以东,其中紧凑度最高的厦门、深圳、杭州、上海均为东南沿海城市,总体呈现出东高西低,南高北低的紧凑度分布状态.多维景观扩张指数能较为准确地识别微观层面扩张斑块的紧凑度,为政府因地制宜进行建设用地扩张管理和存量规划提供科学有效信息.     

基于地理国情数据的生态网络分析 ——以重庆市主城区为例

生态安全越来越受到社会不同层面的关注,生态网络研究成为当前学术热点.以地理国情数据为主要数据源,利用地理空间分析技术,识别重庆市主城区的生态源地,提取生态廊道,确定生态节点,分析生态网络空间结构,以期为重庆市主城区的生态保护与管理工作提供参考.     

城市生态环境分区遥感综合分析--以贵阳市城区为例

建设环境良好的城市是人居环境应用研究的重点领域。而人居环境的研究则涉及到宏观和中、微观层次,是自然生态系统和人工生态系统的结合。在建设可持续发展的人居环境的过程中,遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统技术对空间数据和属性数据处理、管理、分析可以发挥积极的作用。本文以贵阳市城区为例,探讨了"3S"技术在人居环境研究中城市生态环境分析,以期对贵阳市城市规划提出具体的改进建议,使之更符合建设良好的人居环境的要求。