西藏北冈底斯扎独顶A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

西藏北冈底斯早白垩世花岗岩分布广泛;扎独顶岩体作为其中的一个典型代表,其分布广泛,呈岩基型式产出,在岩性上属二长花岗岩。在岩石化学上扎独顶岩体具有富Si O2(70.05%~74.97%)和K2O(4.09%~5.35%),贫Ca O(0.93%~2.19%)、Ti O2(0.22%~0.52%)和Al2O3(12.81%~14.24%)的特征;属于准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.99~1.0)高钾钙碱性系列。岩体稀土元素总量偏高(∑REE=199.36×10-6~247.91×10-6),相对富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=5.82~6.88),Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.30~0.45),球粒陨石标准化分布模式呈向右缓倾的V型。微量元素显示其富集Rb、Th、K、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ba、P和Ti,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)平均值为427.63。全岩锆石饱和温度(828~838°C)表明岩浆形成温度高。上述岩石地球化学特征表明扎独顶岩体为A型花岗岩。扎独顶岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(103.8±1.0)Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世晚期;在构造判别图解上位于碰撞后的A2型花岗岩区,是在碰撞后岩石圈伸展背景下,由于软流圈物质上涌导致岩石圈地幔与壳源熔体部分熔融并经历过一定程度的混合作用而形成的。     

中国地下水水源饮水健康基准值的建立

随着地下水中污染物检出的增多,进行水质评估时大量指标没有参考依据,导致很多监测数据无法得到充分利用,造成严重浪费。旨在综合国外基于健康评价基准值(HBSL,Health-Based Screening Levels)研究进展,结合我国具体情况,构建适用于我国的地下水水源饮水健康基准值体系。HBSLs的建立分为汇总指标清单、建立参数数据库、计算基准值三个步骤。参考美国环保局及国际癌症中心制定的指标致癌分级,将污染物分为致癌物质、潜在致癌物质和非致癌物质三类;调研各数据库,获取参考剂量、致癌斜率因子和终身健康咨询值三项参数,并筛选构建HBSLs的参数数据库。运用参考剂量和致癌斜率因子分别计算非致癌物质与致癌物质的HBSLs,对于潜在致癌物质则采用量化风险法或低剂量线性外推模型确定HBSLs。根据计算结果的差异性,提出了四条原则,完成指标基准值的筛选。HBSLs的建立对地下水质量标准是重要的补充。     

非圆形地下洞室地层特征曲线近似构建法

弹塑性地层特征曲线完整地描述了围岩对开挖的响应特征,是地下洞室稳定性分析及支护设计的关键,但目前仅圆形洞室具有完整的地层特征曲线解析形式,非圆形洞室需要通过复杂的数值方法拟合。为提高非圆形洞室计算效率,拓展解析法的适用范围,文中基于等代圆理论探讨了非圆形洞室近似解析地层特征曲线的构建方法。首先,利用数值分析,得到地下工程中常见非圆形断面在不同跨高比条件下,洞室周边围岩压力与变形的关系,建立基于数值分析结果的地层特征曲线;然后,基于和数值分析相同的初始条件,建立各种等代圆方法对应的近似地层特征曲线;最后,通过对比及相关影响因素分析,揭示不同工况下各种等代圆方法的适用性,为构建非圆形断面地下洞室地层特征曲线的最佳近似解析形式提供了一条简便有效的途径。     

应力分散型预应力抗拔桩系列技术研究与应用

根据目前国内外预应力抗拔抗浮桩、部分粘结预应力抗拔抗浮桩的优缺点以及使用的局限性——长螺旋钻机对于桩径＞800 mm或桩长＞30 m的桩力不从心,研究了应力分散型预应力抗拔桩及钢筋钢绞线笼系列技术,用于一个直径1 m、桩长60 m的抗拔桩工程,采用旋挖成孔,可实现在工程桩上进行大吨位试桩,受力合理,节省资金和工期,实践证明该系列技术有很好的应用前景。     

钻柱振动特性的仿真分析

钻进过程中,钻柱振动是不可避免的,而且钻柱产生振动的原因是多方面的。随着研究的深入,人们不仅认识到钻柱振动对钻井作业产生的负面影响,还认识到利用振动可以得到许多井下信息。运用一根钻杆模型,分析了其在不同工作状况下的振动特性,得到了钻杆在横向、纵向、扭转振动的多阶振型,以及对应的应力应变图。对照振型和应力应变图,联系钻井实践中各种钻柱失效形式,以期从中找出一些振动与钻柱失效的关联,更好地利用振动去解决生产问题。     

Enrichment of Tight oil in Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and Effective Development Technology

<正>Tight oil in Yanchang formation,late Triassic,formed in fairly deep lake to deep lake sedimentary facies,is a kind of tight sandstone oil.With typical cases of that in Chang7 oil-bearing layer and Chang6 oil-bearing layer(in central part of the basin),the tight oil is rich in resources.Besides that,main characteristics of the tight oil were summarized as follows,wide distribution area,tight     

Magnetostratigraphy of a Loess-Paleosol Sequence from Higher Terrace of the Daduhe River in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Geological Significance

<正>The eolian deposits distributed in the river valleys in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are very useful in neotectonic and paleoclimatic studies.Firstly,the climate in the eastern margin of the TP is mainly controlled by the Indian summer monsoon,and detailed studies on the loess-paleosol sequences in this region can provide valuable terrestrial evidence of past changes in the Indian summer monsoon.Secondly,the river terraces in the eastern margin of the TP are considered to be a sensitive recorder of neotectonism to reflect the timing and amplitude of the TP uplift.The formation ages of these     

Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Tight Oil Reservoir in the Jimsar Sag of Junggar Basin

<正>1 Introduction Jimsar sag covers about 1278 km2 in the south of the eastern uplift of Junggar basin.It is a half graben depression area in which the west,south and north is controlled by faults(Fig.1),and is tilting uplift to the east.It deposited Permian,Triassic,Jurassic,the Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata chronologically.The thickness of Lucaogou Formation is about 200 m to 350 m,it is the     

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.     

Improved Geometric Model of Extensional Fault–bend Folding

Extensional fault–bend folds, also called rollovers, are one of the most common structures in extensional settings. Numerous studies have shown that oblique simple shear is the most appropriate mechanism for quantitative modeling of geometric relations between normal faults and the strata in their hanging walls. However, the oblique simple shear has a rather serious issue derived from the shear direction, particularly above convex bends. We use geometric and experimental methods to study the deformation of extensional fault–bend folds on convex bends. The results indicate that whether the fault bends are concave or convex, the shear direction of the hanging wall dips toward the main fault. On this basis, we improve the previous geometric model by changing the shear direction above the convex bends. To illustrate basin history, our model highlights the importance of the outer limit of folding instead of the growth axial. Moreover, we propose a new expression for the expansion index that is applicable to the condition of no deposition on the footwall. This model is validated by modeling a natural structure of the East China Sea Basin.