虾蟹混养塘中WSSV对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)致死效应的定量研究

采用实时荧光定量PCR法,在对白斑综合症多发的虾蟹混养塘内三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行定量跟踪检测的基础上,结合电子显微镜及病理切片,对室内经口服、注射两种回感模式处理已感染白斑综合症病毒的濒死三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行实验验证,并观察其体内主要器官组织的病理改变。结果表明,受白斑综合症病毒感染的三疣梭子蟹存活与死亡取决于蟹体内病毒含量,当病毒含量≥109拷贝/ml时均进入濒死或死亡阶段,其主要器官组织均有明显的病理改变。     

黑龙江东部依兰珠山变辉长岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

对黑龙江东部依兰珠山变辉长岩进行了锆石年代学和地球化学研究,以确定其形成时代、成因及构造背景。变辉长岩锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,具典型的条痕状吸收特征和较高的Th/U比值(0.20~0.86),暗示其岩浆成因。LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果为(256±3)Ma,表明珠山变辉长岩形成于晚二叠世。地球化学特征显示变辉长岩具有贫硅,富镁、铁、铝、钙的特征;其轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)富集,重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti)亏损。结合区域地质资料,认为珠山变辉长岩为俯冲流体交代地幔楔的产物,其形成可能与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关,暗示佳木斯地块与松嫩地块在晚二叠世之前尚未碰撞拼合。     

THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.     

标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体

在中国大陆科学钻探孔区(江苏省东海县南部)进行了系统的地球物理调查,包括二维地震测网和专门的地震剖面,大地电磁法和位场方法等.地震调查表明,在超高压变质岩出露区上地壳充满了反射体,包括倾斜反射体与上拱的反射弧. 本文介绍大陆科学钻探先行研究中地震调查的成果.根据大陆科学钻探预先导孔的岩芯和测井资料、井旁VSP和数值模拟结果证实,高波速的榴辉岩体、破碎断裂带和大型韧性剪切带都可引起倾斜的地震反射,而上拱的弧形反射体则是由近似直立的榴辉岩体和其中的破碎带的综合反映.由于地壳深部广泛分布着经受变质的岩石,上述研究结果对标定地壳中的反射地震信号具有一定意义.     

0302号(鲸鱼)台风降水和水粒子空间分布的三维结构特征

由于缺乏关于台风结构信息的高分辨率资料,即探测台风云系内部结构特征的技术限制,造成了进一步理解台风的动力传送特征的困难.作者用热带测雨卫星(TRMM,Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)的测雨雷达(PR,Precipitation Radar)和TRMM微波图像仪(TMI,TRMM Microwave Imager)资料详细研究了"鲸鱼"台风(0302号)于2003年4月16日1105 UTC的降水和降水云系中各种水粒子的三维结构特征.通过分析发现该时刻:(1)台风降水中大部分区域为层性降水(占总降水面积的85.5%),对流性降水占总降水面积的13.1%,但对流性降水的贡献却达到41.8%,所以,虽然对流性降水所占面积比例很少,但是它对总降水量的贡献却很大.(2)60%降水主要集中在距离台风中心100 km以内的区域,约占总降水量的60%.(3)各种水粒子含量随着与台风中心距离的增加而减少.降水云系中水粒子最大含量出现高度与水粒子的种类和与台风中心的距离有关.最后,分析了台风降水和降水云系中三维分布的成因.     

Born近似快速三维反演井地电法数据

本篇研究了井中电偶极激发地面接收的井地电法的快速反演成像问题.我们采用了Born近似方法和重加权正则化共轭梯度法(RRCG)算法.数值计算的结果表明Born近似是一种有效的井地电法三维快速反演方法,同时也说明井地电法监测油水前驱和储层边界预测的观测数据可以用该方法进行快速三维反演成像.     

浅海孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺浅析

主要介绍了浅海海域锆钛砂矿勘查中采用孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺的原理、注意事项并简单介绍工程实例。经实践证明该工艺具有较好的使用价值,可以推广到工程钻探中。     

近50年气候变化对滦河上游径流的影响

为了解近50年滦河上游气温和降水气候的变化特征、趋势及其对该流域径流量的影响,利用1956-2009年滦河上游的实测气温、降水量和径流深资料,分析了该流域气温、降水和径流深的年均和季度变化的时间序列,并建立了该流域气候变化对径流影响的复相关回归模型。结果表明,年径流深随着年降水量的减少而减少,随着年平均气温的升高而减少;春、夏和秋季的径流深随着同期降水量和气温的变化趋势与年际变化趋势基本一致,但冬季径流深则相反,而且其变化幅度非常小。     

双频道频谱激电非线性效应研究

利用双频道激发极化法，在封闭条件下和三维大水槽中，对４０余块各种天然矿物标本进行了频谱激电非线性效应研究．实验结果和理论分析表明，当电流密度增加到一定程度时，将出现激电非线性现象．用双频道频谱激电方法，将得到锯齿状频谱曲线．不同类型的矿物，锯齿状频谱曲线具有不同的特征，为评价激电异常源性质提供了新方法．     

Projection of Landslides in China during the 21st Century under the RCP8.5 Scenario

More and more rainstorms and other extreme weather events occur in the context of global warming, which may increase the risks of landslides. In this paper, changes of landslides in the 21 st century of China under the high emission scenario RCP8.5(Representative Concentration Pathway) are projected by using a statistical landslide forecasting model and the regional climate model RegCM4.0. The statistical landslide model is based on an improved landslide susceptibility map of China and a rainfall intensity–duration threshold. First, it is driven by observed rainfall and RegCM4.0 rainfall in 1980–99, and it can reproduce the spatial distribution of landslides in China pretty well.Then, it is used to forecast the landslide changes over China in the future under the RCP8.5 scenario. The results consistently reveal that landslides will increase significantly in most areas of China, especially in the southeastern, northeastern, and western parts of Northwest China. The change pattern at the end of the 21 st century is generally consistent with that in the middle of the 21 st century, but with larger increment and magnitude. In terms of the probability,the proportion of grid points that are very likely and extremely likely to experience landslides will also increase.