花鲈皮肤溃疡病抗性和敏感群体的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术,对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)皮肤溃疡病抗性和敏感两个群体的遗传多样性进行了研究.从100个10 bp随机引物中筛选出25个随机引物,在两个群体中共扩增了326个位点,抗性群体多态住点比率为44.24%,遗传变异度为0.123 7,Shannon多样性值为0.1149,分别比敏感群体高3.87%,5.82%和2.68%,表明花鲈抗病群体比敏感群体具有更丰富的遗传多样性.25条随机引物中,7条引物在两群体中的扩增结果存在差异,其中S11,S15,S4,S414,S416,S9在抗性群体的扩增结果比敏感群体多1个多态住点,S52多2个多态位点.在这8个特异多态位点中,S52-1,S4-1,S414-6,S9-2在敏感群体中全部出现,呈单态性;S15-5,S11-6,S416-6,S52-5只在抗性群体中出现,出现频率分别为38.5%,30.8%,23.1%和23.1%.说明这8个位点在两群体中存在较大的差异.研究表明,花鲈皮肤溃疡病在遗传上是比较复杂的,并不是简单地与某个遗传标记有关,可能与多个遗传因素相关.     

九龙江河口区表层沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其沉积环境

通过对九龙江河口表层沉积物的重金属元素含量、沉积物粒度等要素进行分析,结合相关与聚类分析等统计手段,探讨了九龙江河口地区的沉积环境与重金属元素含量特征的关系.结果表明,即使在沉积环境复杂的河口地区,重金属含量分布与沉积物粒度仍存在明显的对应关系.受沉积动力影响,不同的重金属元素分布在九龙江河口地区表现出较大差异,而嵩屿至屿仔尾一带呈带状南北向展布的重金属相对高值条带值得引起注意.     

赤道潜流变化及其与ENSO的关系

应用TOGA/TAO实测海流和SODA全球海洋再分析资料,分析研究了热带太平洋赤道潜流的变化特征及其与ENSO循环的关系,初步探讨了赤道潜流变化对两种不同类型(中部型和东部型)ENSO事件的影响。对赤道潜流距平场的EOF分解表明,第一模态为"东太平洋潜流模态",特征向量主要反映东太平洋赤道潜流的变化情况;第二模态为"中太平洋潜流模态",特征向量主要反映中太平洋赤道潜流的变化情况;这两个主要模态基本可以反映赤道潜流距平场的主要信息。这两个模态对应的时间系数有明显的年际变化特征,并且与NINO指数都有较好的负相关,最大相关均通过99.9%的信度检验。相关分析表明潜流第一模态的变化滞后于NINO指数变化,而第二模态的变化则提前于NINO指数变化,即ENSO事件对东太平洋赤道潜流的变化有一定影响,而中太平洋的潜流变化又会对ENSO事件产生影响。通过个例分析表明,中太平洋赤道潜流的变化对两种不同类型ENSO事件的发生有重要影响。在东部型ENSO事件发生前,中太平洋赤道潜流增强,这样西太平洋暖池的异常海温在潜流的引导下快速向东传播,直接到达东太平洋形成东部型ENSO事件;中部型ENSO事件发生前,中太平洋赤道潜流明显减弱,西太平洋的异常海温不能迅速东传速,在中太平洋堆积上升到达海面,使得中部型ENSO事件爆发。     

基于ARM的温度采集与以太网传输系统的设计

基于ARM的温度采集与以太网传输系统重点是实现稳定地采集实时温度、批量传送采集结果。系统采用基于ARM内核LPC2214对温度传感器LM235输出的模拟信号进行采集;用DM9000控制以太网传输采集结果。基于DM9000的以太网传输具有较高的可靠性,适合批量数据传输,并且可实现较远距离通信。此外,为方便调试和扩展,设计串口通信模块和JTAG仿真调试接口模块。最终,实现对温度的实时采集与传输。     

椒江口潮间带大型底栖动物群落beta多样性分析

于2007年10月在椒江口共布设6条潮间带采样断面,每条断面在中潮带上区、中区、下区和低潮区各设1站位进行大型底栖动物采样。分析了不同采样站位数与大型底栖动物种数的关系,选用Wilson-Shmidabeta多样性测度方法,对以下3种空间环境梯度下大型底栖动物群落beta多样性进行了研究:(1)断面内垂直环境梯度;(2)河流到海洋的环境梯度;(3)河口两岸间的距离梯度。分析了不同采样站位数对群落beta多样性指数的影响,结果显示:(1)随着采样站位数的增加,物种数呈增加趋势但增速渐慢,同时beta多样性指数呈下降趋势;(2)不同的潮区间隔下的be-ta多样性指数均有显著差异;(3)在北岸和南岸,随着断面间距的增加beta多样性指数均呈升高趋势,而且与各断面的沉积物粒度、油类含量呈显著相关;(4)椒江口为喇叭形河口,随着河口两岸断面距离的增加beta多样性指数呈升高趋势。     

一种污水排海的近远区计算与控制方法──以大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海为例

针对点容量计算中混合区限制的要求，采用了动量积分法、经验公式法和有限差分法，分别对污水排放后可能引起的近区、过渡区和远区的污水浓度变化进行了模拟预测，并就一定的限制性条件对容量点近区、高浓度混合区及容量点远区影响范围进行了分析。在大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海规划中的应用表明，该法具有计算机时较省、精度相对较高等优点。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成演化与扇体油气藏勘探

准噶尔盆地西北缘广泛发育二叠纪-侏罗纪冲积扇、水下扇、扇三角洲等砾质粗碎屑沉积,其形成演化严格受不同时期活动的同生断裂控制.二叠纪以乌尔禾组扇体最为发育,呈由盆缘向盆地方向逐渐增强的前展式推覆冲断及渐进式扇体迁移响应模式.三叠纪-侏罗纪以百口泉组、克拉玛依组扇体最为发育,呈由盆内向盆缘方向逐渐减弱的退覆式冲断活动及后退式扇体迁移响应模式.已知扇体油气藏主要富集于水下扇扇根及扇中、扇三角洲平原及前缘4个亚相带,及二叠系佳木河组、乌尔禾组、三叠系百口泉组、克拉玛依组、侏罗系八道湾组、头屯河组6个层位.二叠-三叠纪扇体含油层多、规模大、储量丰度高,侏罗纪扇体反之.受断裂、不整合、岩相岩性、物性4种因素控制,扇体主要形成断块、地层不整合及构造岩性油气藏.断阶带及扇根-扇中相带主要发育构造(断块)油藏,为扇体与断层相配置的垂向运聚成藏模式;斜坡区及扇中-扇缘相带主要发育岩性油藏,为扇体与不整合相配置的侧向运聚成藏模式.西北缘扇体成藏条件好,探明程度总体较低,剩余资源潜力大,进而指出了七大有利勘探区块和方向.     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

银纳米杆高温熔化断裂弛豫性能的原子级模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了不同长度银纳米杆在不同温度弛豫过程中的结构演变过程.结果表明:银纳米杆存在一与杆长相关的临界熔断温度,该临界熔断温度随杆长增加而显著降低.当温度大于熔点而小于临界熔断温度时,体系形成一个高度无序的球形团簇,而温度大于临界熔断温度时,体系则熔断成两个球形团簇.并给出了银纳米杆的产生该熔断现象的机理.     

Matter-wave interference in an axial triple-well optical dipole trap

This paper proposes a scheme of axial triple-well optical dipole trap by employing a simple optical system composed of a circular cosine grating and a lens. Three optical wells separated averagely by ～37 μm were created when illuminating by a YAG laser with power 1 mW. These wells with average trapping depth ～0.5 μK and volume ～74 μm³ are suitable to trap and manipulate an atomic Bose--Einstein condensation (BEC). Due to a controllable grating implemented by a spatial light modulator, an evolution between a triple-well trap and a single-well one is achievable by adjusting the height of potential barrier between adjacent wells. Based on this novel triple-well potentials, the loading and splitting of BEC, as well as the interference between three freely expanding BECs, are also numerically stimulated within the framework of mean-field treatment. By fitting three cosine functions with three Gaussian envelopes to interference fringe, the information of relative phases among three condensates is extracted.