昆明城市气候水平空间分布特征

以昆明城市为研究对象，对城市西南-东北剖线的实测资料比较研究，从气温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速、风向等方面分析了昆明城市气候特征、变化规律及城市热岛效应。研究表明：在昆明存在热岛效应，以夜间最为明显，其最强度效应可达5.0℃，出现时刻（3时）与国内外多数研究结果（傍晚）有所不同；昆明城市昼间呈现明显的干岛效应。所得结论可为探讨昆明城市气候特片和形成机制，城市环境污染防治及建筑规划、设计等提供依据。     

极端干旱沙漠中无沙埋干扰时几种固沙植物栽植试验研究

沙埋干扰是沙漠地区乡土植物生存繁殖的必要条件。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,无沙埋干扰地段大多是高矿化度地下水埋深较浅的地段,这些地段盐渍化较重。7a定点观测和试验表明,塔里木沙漠公路沿线丘间地栽植固沙植物逐渐死亡的主要因素不是沙层水分和沙层盐分,而是高矿化度地下水埋深太浅(0.8~1.0 m),即这类地段植物死亡的原因主要是由于植物长期吸收高矿化度地下水使得体内盐分积聚过多无法调节而造成的。因此,在干旱区高矿化度地下水埋深太浅的地段,无沙埋干扰时建立固沙植被应谨慎。     

Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

Recently, runoff in many river basins in China has been decreasing. Therefore, the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of interest. In this study, we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river basins. Specifically, we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe River basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by humans. The results of this study revealed that the S1MHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly discharge. In addition, we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change, with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe River basin.     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷文昌组有机质碳同位素异常成因

部分中国近海湖盆和大西洋裂谷盆地发现了腐泥型有机质碳同位素偏重的现象,并伴随异常高总有机碳含量和生烃潜力。本文依据泥岩有机碳测试、孢粉分析、主微量元素、泥岩和原油碳同位素及饱和烃色质色谱资料,并结合现代湖泊盘星藻发育特征,从有机质来源、古环境条件和有机质保存改造三个方面探讨了珠江口盆地珠三坳陷古近系文昌组碳同位素正偏移的成因机制。珠三坳陷文昌组碳同位素异常与气候、古生产力、古水深和藻类勃发等古环境因素有关。然而,从三级层序尺度看,古水深可能是一个不可忽视的重要因素：指示水深的Rb/K比值随深度加深而增加,与碳同位素和TOC含量变化趋势一致。同时现代湖泊研究也证实了盘星藻分布于不同水深范围,因此“深水型盘星藻”的繁盛很可能是珠三坳陷文昌组二段烃源岩碳同位素偏重的根本原因。     

峨眉山大火成岩省太和花岗岩的成因及构造意义

攀西地区的太和花岗质岩体和赋存超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床的辉长岩体在空间上共生,成因上均与峨眉山地幔柱头的上升密切相关.太和花岗质岩体主要由超碱质花岗岩和石英正长岩及少量正长岩组成;富含高场强元素并具高Ga/Al值(3.74～5.63),显示典型A型花岗岩的特征.花岗岩、正长岩和辉长岩的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf值与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的相应比值近似.花岗质岩石具较低的87Sr/86Sr初始值(0.7025～0.7049)和正的εNd(t)值(1.9～3.5),与辉长岩的值相近[(87Sr/86Sr)i =0.7049～0.7052; εNd(t) =2.4～3.3].太和花岗质岩体的εNd(t)为正值,显示地幔柱来源的底侵玄武质岩浆对其形成起主要作用.辉长质和花岗质岩石具相似的钕同位素组成,表明其母岩浆来自于同一源区.我们认为太和花岗质侵入体主要由底侵于下地壳的玄武质岩浆分异出的花岗质熔体侵位及随后经结晶分异而形成.因此,晚古生代时幔源岩浆底侵造成的地壳增生在峨眉山大火成岩省中表现极为显著.     

贡嘎山东坡亚高山不同林地土壤水分特性与生态环境效应

森林土壤水分特性，包括水分的渗透与蒸发、保持与贮存等对森林生态环境都有重要意义。本文研究了长江上游贡嘎山亚高山不同森林类型土壤的水分特征及其生态环境作用，结果表明：成熟林、过熟林土壤在储水、渗透、容水、蒸发和持水特性等多数方面利于保持和改善生态环境，次生或林分单一森林类型次之，林木皆伐后最差。研究区以成熟林和过熟林为主，生态环境保护较好。尽管该区与长江上游其它地区一样同具自然地理条件差、生态环境脆弱的特征，但由于该区森林植被和环境得到了有效保护，土壤水分特性好，促进了森林生态系统的良性循环，生态环境问题得到进一步改善。     

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRACTAL FACTORS AND TECTONIC ACTIVITY——A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHWESTERN YUNNAN BLOCK

Geomorphology could record long-term accumulation of tectonic movement and quantify it by relevant parameters.But because the influences of other factors such as climate and lithology,how to use the relevant parameters to reveal the relationship between geomorphology and tectonics is a research hot spot.In this paper,we utilize the variogram method and the cellular fractal model to estimate parameters such as the fractal dimension (D) and ordinate intercept (γ) from the SRTM3 DEM using a moving window operation.We compare the distribution characteristics of the parameters in different climate and lithology.The results indicate that the correlation between the parameters and lithology or climate is very poor.The fractal dimension (D) reveals a very good correlation with tectonics,which is low in tectonically inactive areas and high in active areas.It implies that fractal dimension (D) may be a new method for research of regional tectonic movement.     

Uncertainty analysis of CO_2 flux components in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation

We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ...     

特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准

随着遥感图像分辨率的日益提高,遥感图像的尺寸和数据量也不断地增大,同时随着遥感应用的发展,对图像配准的性能也提出越来越高的要求,基于此,提出一种特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准方法。首先,对图像进行Haar小波变换,基于小波变换后的近似图像进行配准以提高配准速度;其次,根据不同的遥感图像来源使用不同的特征提取方法(光学图像使用Canny边缘提取算子,SAR图像使用Ratio Of Averages算子),并将线特征转化为点特征;然后,依据特征点间最小角与次小角的角度之比小于某一阈值来确定初始匹配点对;最后,利用改进的随机抽样一致性算法滤除错误匹配点对,并结合分块思想均匀选取匹配点对计算仿射变换参数,进一步提高配准精度。为了验证本文方法的有效性,选择高分辨率World View-2图像、Pleiades图像和Terra SAR图像进行了实验,并与典型的SIFT算法、SURF算法进行比较分析,采用匹配率、匹配效率、均方根误差和时间消耗4个定量评价指标来客观评价算法的配准性能。实验结果表明,本文方法具有较好的有效性,且在不同的情况下具有较高的配准精度。本文提出的特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准方法,多组高分辨率遥感图像数据的配准实验结果表明该方法能快速实现并具有较高的配准精度和较好的鲁棒性。