岩矿石吸收系数计算和测定方法

岩矿石吸收系数是钻孔电磁波法解决地质问题的重要的物性参数。岩矿石有无吸收系数的差异，是开展钻孔电磁波法能否奏效的前提。了解岩矿石的吸收系数可对钻孔电磁波法的透距和分辨力作出估计，并可为钻孔电磁波的反演解释提供重要的依据。本文不但给出了岩矿石吸收系数的计算方法，也给出了室内岩矿石标本吸收系数的测定方法和野外实测岩矿石吸收系数的方法。     

新型固化材料在软土地区的应用探索

土加固技术经过近100年的发展,应用范围广泛,近20年来也出现了许多新型的加固材料。针对上海软土地基特点,通过对室内试验进行分析、室外原位搅拌桩施工、钻探取芯及芯样试验,分析了软土固化专用水泥这一新型固化材料的适用性,并提出一些相应的应用建议,以促进上海这类软土地基加固土技术的进一步应用发展。     

A simple approach using Bouwer and Rice's method for slug test data analysis

Slug test data obtained from tests performed in an unconfined aquifer are commonly analyzed by graphical or numerical approaches to determine the aquifer parameters. This paper derives three fourth-degree polynomials to represent the relationship between Bouwer and Rice's coefficients and the ratio of the screen length to the radius of the gravel envelope. A numerical approach using the nonlinear least squares and Newton's method is used to determine hydraulic conductivity from the best fit of the slug test data. The method of nonlinear least squares minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the predicted and observed water levels inside the well. With the polynomials, the hydraulic conductivity can be obtained by simply solving the nonlinear least squares equation by Newton's method. A computer code, SLUGBR, was developed from the derived polynomials using the proposed numerical approach. The results of analyzing two slug test datasets show that SLUGBR can determine hydraulic conductivity with very good accuracy.     

岩矿石高频电磁参数的测定方法

岩矿石高频电磁参数是电磁波探测技术解决各类工程及地质问题的物性基础，给出了高频状态下，室内岩矿石标本的介电常数、吸收系数及电导率的测定方法，电给出了野外实测岩矿石吸收系数的方法。     

潮间带小型底栖生物生态学研究的某些进展

论述潮间带小型底栖生物国际研究的某些研究热点及最新动态,并对河口、盐沼、红树林、沙滩等不同潮间带生境的小型底栖生物的研究进行了概述,总结了我国潮间带小型底栖生物的研究现状,并根据我国目前研究的状况提出了未来主要应对策略与重点研究方向。     

REE chemistry and Sm-Nd systematics of late Archean weathering profiles in the Fortescue Group, Western Australia

Two weathering profiles, each consisting of an upper, sericite-rich zone and a lower, chlorite-rich zone, are preserved between flows of the Mt. Roe Basalt in the Fortescue Group, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. REE concentrations in samples from these two profiles, which originally developed ca 2,760 Ma, show large variations depending on stratigraphic position. LREE abundances and (La/Yb)N are greatest at depths of 3-6 m below the paleosurface of the Mt. Roe #1 profile and are somewhat lower in samples above this level. The LREEs reach concentrations 6-9 times greater than in the underlying basalt, and thus appear to have been mobilized downward in the paleosol and concentrated in its middle part. LREE concentrations in the #2 profile show a similar distribution but with a sharp increase in all REE concentrations within 50 cm of the paleosurface. The distinction between the REE profiles in the two paleosols may be related to the difference in the overlying material. The #1 paleosol is overlain by a few meters of sediments and then by basalt, whereas the #2 paleosol is directly overlain by basalt. The LREEs appear to have been mobilized both during chemical weathering of the parental basalt and during later lower-greenschist-facies metamorphism and metasomatism of the paleosols. Remobilization of the REEs during the regional metamorphism of the Fortescue Group is confirmed by a whole-rock Sm-Nd reference isochron of Mt. Roe #1 samples with an age of 2,151 +/- 360 Ma. Variable initial 143Nd/144Nd values of unweathered basalt samples which may represent the paleosol protolith prevents a confident determination of the magnitude of LREE mobility. Both the initial mobilization of the REEs during weathering and the metasomatic remobilization appear to have taken place under redox conditions where Ce was present dominantly as Ce3+, because Ce anomalies are not developed within the sericite zone samples regardless of concentration. Europium anomalies in the paleoweathering profile are somewhat variable and were probably modified by mobilization of Eu2+ at metamorphic conditions. In all samples, the HREEs appear to have been relatively immobile and correlate with Al, Ti, Cr, V, Zr, and Nb. Sm-Nd systematics and REE patterns of four unweathered basalt samples indicate derivation of the Mt. Roe Basalts from a heterogeneous and enriched source having epsilon Nd between -4.0 and -7.4. Initial 143Nd/144Nd values of these basalts are even lower than those reported by NELSON et al. (1992) for Fortescue Group basalts and indicate a substantial crustal component in the generation of Mt. Roe Basalts.     

Evidence in pre-2.2 Ga paleosols for the early evolution of atmospheric oxygen and terrestrial biota: comment and reply

The major points of disagreement between Holland and Rye and Ohmoto concern (1) the behavior of ferric iron. (2) the mechanisms of Fe loss. (3) the identification of real paleosols, and (4) the ages of some paleosols.     

小兴安岭旅游资源开发构想

小兴安岭位于黑龙江省北部,西北与大兴安岭相接,北与俄罗斯隔江相望,东、西分别与三江平原、松嫩平原接壤,南隔松花江与张广才岭相望,为我国著名的红松产地。区域内山峦起伏,群峰巍峨;森林葱郁,林美峰秀;溪流穿越,瀑布飞涧;水色山光,妙不待言,似一颗耀眼的明珠,镶嵌在祖国的东北大地。小兴安岭自然环境优美,独特的花岗岩地质地貌景观、大型斑岩型金矿矿业遗迹景观和原始森林生态景观、冰雪等旅游景观资源十分丰富,有较大的资源优势和重要的旅游观赏价值,已成为我省旅游开发的一个重要区域,具有广阔的开发前景。     

利用小型底栖动物对沉积物重金属污染的评估

采用Hakanson的生态风险指数法和自由生活海洋线虫与底栖桡足类数量之比(N/C比值)的变动对长江口及其邻近海域沉积环境重金属污染状况进行评估.结果表明,研究海域沉积物受到重金属元素Cr,Cu,Zn和As不同程度的污染,近岸站位受测各污染物均呈现中度污染,离岸站位为轻度污染,其中Zn累积最严重.单个污染物潜在生态危害参数表明,受测污染物对海洋生态系统的潜在生态危害非常轻微,其中As和Cu是最主要的生态风险贡献因子.小型底栖动物群落丰度及分布验证了此结果,对As和Cu累积具有明显的生态响应.N/C比值法对研究海域沉积物重金属的污染评估结果与Hakanson的生态风险指数评估结果基本一致,特别是对Cu和As元素的污染评估.结合生物群落分析,利用小型底栖动物两大类群数量之比(N/C)是一个简易可行的沉积环境监测方法.     

The use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of PAHs in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)

A field operable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor system was applied for the first time under real conditions for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as markers for petroleum hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea). At six stations, seawater samples were taken, and the sensor system was applied in situ simultaneously. These measurements were compared to the results of conventional GC/MS laboratory analysis of the PAH concentrations in the seawater samples. For a PAH concentration above 150 ng(12PAH)l(-1), there was agreement between the SERS sensor and the GC/MS determinations. A standard addition experiment yielded a PAH concentration of 900 ng l(-1) at the Gdańsk Harbor, which was of the same order as the GC/MS determinations of 12PAHs (200 ng(12PAH)l(-1)). The high SERS detection limit for seawater samples is explained by the competition for PAHs between the sensor membrane and particulate matter surfaces. Thus, the SERS sensor can be applied, e.g., as a non-quantitative alarm sensor for relatively high PAH concentrations in heavily polluted waters. The spectral unmixing procedure applied for Gdańsk Harbor water confirmed the presence of phenanthrene at the highest concentration ([Phe]=140 ngl(-1)) and of Chr (2.7 ng l(-1)), but it did not detect the other PAHs present in the Gdańsk Harbor water, as determined by GC/MS. When compared to the past literature and databases, the SERS spectra indicated the presence of a mixture of molecules consisting of carotenoids, n-alkanes, amines or fatty acids, and benzimidazoles at the coastal station ZN2. The spectra in the offshore direction indicated carboxylic acids. Interpretation of the farthest offshore in situ SERS measurements is difficult, principally due to the limited availability of reference spectra. The detection of the lower PAH concentrations commonly found in Baltic coastal water needs further research and development to obtain better sensitivity of the SERS sensor. However, the high analytical specificity of the SERS sensor also allows the detection of other chemical species that require the development of a SERS/Raman library for specific in situ spectral interpretation.