1936年以来南京城市空间扩展特征研究

城市交通网络的发展是城市空间扩展的重要表征和驱动力。以1936—2015年间6个代表性年份的城市交通地图为数据源,提取相应年份南京城市轴线图,利用基于空间句法的整合度、城市扩张强度（SS-EII）和智能度指数,分析1936年以来南京城市空间扩展趋势和特征,划分演化阶段,并分析城市加速扩张阶段的空间扩展质量。结果表明：① 南京城市空间扩展大体经历了滞缓（1936—1971年）、复兴（1971—1982年）和加速（1982—2015年）三个阶段,逐渐突破老城区,向西南、东北、南部和西北实现全方位空间扩展,形成多中心空间结构。② 加速阶段空间扩展质量总体较高,交通网络建设逐渐与用地扩张相协调,并开始引导城市空间多中心扩散,但各中心间有机联系不足,导致城市空间整体性和空间效率有所降低。③ 应进一步加强多中心间的交通联系,促进人口、经济有机疏散,并提高城市空间整体性。     

基于支持向量机的新闻事件类型识别

新闻事件类型识别的核心是文本分类问题,可利用模式识别或者机器学习来解决。互联网中的新闻事件种类多样,各类事件都有不同的结构特征,在自然语言中的表达方式也多种多样,基于模式识别的事件抽取难以覆盖全部的事件表达模式,识别召回率不高。本文使用机器学习方法来进行新闻事件的抽取,设计了词法、句法和语义三类不同类型的特征,并基于支持向量机实现新闻事件的类型识别。支持向量机模型适合解决自然语言这类高维数据的分类问题,能够有效捕捉不同特征之间的分类差异,具有较好的准确率和召回率。     

环胶州湾流域总氮总量控制指标体系研究

通过建立胶州湾ECOM三维水动力-生物地球化学耦合模型,采用浓度梯度积分法和水质模拟-数学规划法,构建了环胶州湾流域总氮总量控制指标体系,包含胶州湾总氮环境容量、环胶州湾流域污染源、子流域、行政区和入海控制单元总氮总量控制指标。结果表明:研究海域总氮海洋环境容量为1.8×10~4 t/a,且季节变化显著(P<0.05),夏季最高,春季次之,秋季和冬季较低;环胶州湾流域68个点源污染源总氮总量控制指标合计1 040.78 t/a,总氮面源总量控制指标为3 947.5 t/a;环胶州湾1 281个子流域、125个乡镇、10个区市和10个入海控制单元总氮污染物总量控制指标具有显著的空间差异(P<0.05);位于胶州湾湾顶区的入海控制单元的总氮污染物需削减量较高,位于湾口的入海控制单元需削减量较低。研究结果可为相关管理部门有效利用胶州湾海洋环境容量资源及制定相关决策提供科学依据。     

Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.     

Bacterial community succession in response to dissolved organic matter released from live jellyfish

Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.     

Fermi耀变体的辐射特性和演化研究

搜集和计算了734个Fermi耀变体样本,包括322个蝎虎天体(其中148个高峰频蝎虎天体、73个中峰频蝎虎天体以及101个低峰频蝎虎天体)和412个平谱射电类星体(其中18个高峰频平谱射电类星体、45个中峰频平谱射电类星体以及349个低峰频平谱射电类星体)。研究了每个子类的红移分布、黑洞质量分布以及γ射线光度的分布,并对其红移、黑洞质量、γ射线光度以及同步峰值频率的相关性进行了分析,结果表明:(1)根据红移与γ射线光度分别从高到低的排序,得到Fermi耀变体的演化序列遵循平谱射电类星体→蝎虎天体,且高同步峰频耀变体→中同步峰频耀变体→低同步峰频耀变体,但根据黑洞质量从高到低得到的演化序列不同,这可能是黑洞质量的估计误差以及黑洞质量样本数量较少造成的;(2)Fermi耀变体每个子类的红移与黑洞质量、黑洞质量与γ射线光度之间正相关;(3)Fermi耀变体每个子类的红移、γ射线光度分别与同步峰频之间反相关,黑洞质量与同步峰频之间不存在相关性。     

基于CORS的分米级GNSS差分定位云服务研究

面向GNSS大众应用领域海量高精度位置服务需求,提出了一种基于CORS的分米级差分定位云服务建设方法,采用虚拟格网用户生成改正数的形式,通过设计解算服务器与业务服务器分离的云服务模式,解决了传统CORS服务中基准站数据安全风险大、用户并发访问数量受限的问题,并以API和SDK形式面向用户和开发者提供应用服务,降低了高精度位置服务专业技术门槛。同时,依托本文研究成果,基于湖南省位置服务平台（HNCORS）,设计并实现了基于CORS的分米级GNSS差分定位云服务架构,并以丢包率、外符合精度、高并发访问为指标进行测试。结果表明,本文设计的云服务架构具有较好的精度、稳定性和可靠性,在高精度位置服务应用中具有较好的应用前景,也可为其他省级CORS网的高精度位置服务云平台建设提供技术参考。     

监控视频中动态目标与地理空间信息的融合与可视化方法

监控视频的动态前景目标智能分析是平安城市、智慧园区等安防建设的重要基础,将监控视频与地理空间数据融合可为静态的地理数据赋予动态属性。针对传统监控视频与地理信息数据集成仅仅将视频数据投射至地理空间,造成存储难、视频内容理解难度大等问题,本文提出了前景动态目标与地理空间信息的融合模型,通过推导出的映射模型将图像空间中的动态前景目标及跟踪轨迹映射至地理空间中,达到将监控视频与地理信息有机融合的目的。根据不同的应用需求,本文设计了4种多图层融合显示模式,实现了监控视频中的动态前景目标在地理空间的可视化。     

顾及星历数据龄期的北斗IGSO、MEO卫星空间信号精度分析

利用2013~2015年广播星历数据分析北斗系统3类卫星广播星历中星历数据龄期的特性,并针对北斗系统IGSO卫星和MEO卫星数据龄期分布特性,分析不同数据龄期条件下的两类卫星空间信号精度。结果表明,卫星数据龄期具有周期性,并和卫星所处轨道面具有一致性。对于IGSO卫星,平均数据龄期在1.7 h左右,最大数据龄期可以达到7 h。仅考虑轨道情况下,不同数据龄期条件下空间信号精度差异最大可以达到0.5 m。对于MEO卫星,平均数据龄期在11 h左右,最大数据龄期可以达到2 d甚至以上。仅考虑轨道情况下,不同数据龄期条件下空间信号精度差异IGSO卫星最大达到0.9 m。IGSO卫星2013~2015年平均URE分别为0.81 m、0.84 m、1.11 m;MEO卫星2013~2015年平均URE分别为0.84 m、0.82 m、1.04 m。     

南海北部冬、夏季浮游群落呼吸率

Plankton respiration is an important part of the carbon cycle and significantly affects the balance of autotrophic assimilation and heterotrophic production in oceanic ecosystems. In the present study, respiration rates of the euphotic zone plankton community(CR_(eu)), size fractionated chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a), bacterial abundance(BAC), and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were investigated during winter and summer in the northern South China Sea(n SCS). The results show that there were obvious spatial and temporal variations in CR_(eu) in the n SCS(ranging from 0.03 to 1.10 μmol/(L·h)), CR_(eu) in winter((0.53±0.27) μmol/(L·h)) was two times higher than that in summer((0.26±0.20) μmol/(L·h)), and decreased gradually from the coastal zone to the open sea. The distribution of CR_(eu) was affected by coupled physical-chemical-biological processes, driven by monsoon events. The results also show that CR_(eu) was positively correlated with Chl a, BAC, and DO, and that BAC contributed the highest CR_(eu) variability. Furthermore, the results of the stepwise multiple linear regression suggest that bacteria and phytoplankton were the dominant factors in determining CR_(eu)(R~2 = 0.82, p0.05) in the n SCS. Based on this relationship, we estimated the integrated water column respiration rate(CRint) within 100 m of the investigated area, and found that the relationship between the biomass of the plankton community and respiration may be nonlinear in the water column.