Major Breakthroughs in Geological Theory,Key Techniques and Exploration of Tight Oil in China

正In recent years,U.S.tight oil exploration and development have achieved significant progress,with rapidly increasing production,which has significantly changed the U.S.A.energy supply pattern(Fig.1).Compared with the North American marine to marginal marine-continental transitional facies,China’s tight oil(Fig.1)     

Congratulation for Our Deputy Editor-in-Chief Chunmiao Zheng Receiving Two Prestigious International Awards

正Dr.Chunmiao Zheng,a deputy editor-in-chief for Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),received the 2013 O.E.Meinzer Award from the Geological Society of America.Dr.Zheng was also awarded the 2013 M.King Hubbert Award by the National Ground Water Association in the United States."It is quite an achievement to receive both of these awards     

Status of China’s Geological Survey and Geological Environments in 2013

正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and     

赤城县梁家沟铅锌银多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

文章运用激光拉曼光谱和显微测温等方法,对赤城县梁家沟铅锌银多金属矿床矿石中的石英流体包裹体进行均一温度、盐度的测试分析。结果表明,矿物中的流体包裹体以气液2相为主,气相成分主要是CO2,液相成分主要是H2O和烃类液体;包裹体的均一温度为80.0~160.0℃,盐度w(NaCl)=2%~12%,说明矿床形成条件为低温低盐度,且富含烃类物质。结合矿床地质特征、矿床的构造位置、产出地层和该矿床中矿(岩)石的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的数据研究结果,初步厘定梁家沟铅锌银矿床属于密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床。     

Chinese Bio-oxidation Gold Extraction Technology Reaches International Advanced Level

In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become ＂stay mine＂. Features of refi＇actory gold ores are： gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid （alkali） oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.     

硼酸溶液敞口酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定萤石中稀土元素

萤石中稀土元素的研究对揭示成矿物质来源、成矿流体的性质和矿床成因均具有十分重要的意义。传统的过氧化钠碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法可以解决萤石中稀土元素的测定问题,但过氧化钠提纯难度高,过程繁杂,不宜大量样品的处理,且待测溶液总盐度大易产生基体干扰等;常规的酸溶法因使用的试剂一般为硝酸和氢氟酸,这些酸均不与萤石的主要成分氟化钙发生反应而很少应用。本文基于氟化钙能溶于硫酸和硼酸,采用硼酸溶液(10%硫酸和25%盐酸介质)和氢氟酸处理样品,硝酸提取,引入103Rh和185Re双内标,建立了硼酸溶液敞口酸溶ICP-MS测定萤石中稀土元素的分析方法。相比于传统的过氧化钠碱熔方法,本方法采用的试剂纯度高,可以有效地降低空白,方法检出限为0.002~0.016μg/g,低于过氧化钠碱熔方法的检出限(0.006~0.058μg/g),回收率在94.0%~107.6%之间,方法精密度(RSD)为0.7%~2.7%。本方法配制的硼酸溶液能够有效地与萤石反应,可充分分解萤石样品,简化了样品处理流程,有效地控制了稀土元素的损失,数据可靠性高,适用于大量萤石样品的稀土元素分析。     

洪水超定量模型的广义Pareto分布及其应用

为了扩大洪水信息,提高洪水模拟精度,研究超定量洪水频率分析模型。介绍了洪水超定量模型的基本理论,假设超定量洪水年发生次数服从Poisson分布,超定量洪水系列服从广义Pareto(GP)分布,给出年最大超定量洪水分布和超定量洪水重现期的计算方法,提出通过模型拟合优度检验来综合确定超定量系列阈值的方法。将超定量模型应用在海河流域小觉站洪峰频率分析中,结果表明:通过模型拟合优度检验确定超定量系列阈值的方法有效且可靠,洪水超定量系列年平均发生次数服从Poisson分布,GP分布洪峰设计值略大于P-Ⅲ分布洪峰设计值,应用在水利工程设计及风险分析中是偏安全的。     

关于金刚石钻进工艺优化几个问题的研究

孕镶金刚石钻头钻进时,孔底所剩岩屑数量直接影响钻进是否处于正常状态,正确设计岩屑规程可以保证钻头正常钻进。计算和实验证明,冲洗液流在钻进过程确实产生空化气蚀现象,对钻头磨损有严重影响。设计各个通道过水面积相等的钻头,可以基本解决这个问题。应该保证供给的冲洗液量与机械钻速之比保持在合理的范围内。     

关于提高我国探矿工程类专业教学质量的思考——从中俄相关专业教学计划对比谈起

我国在建国初期就建立了探矿工程专业,60年来为国家培养了大量人才,为不同行业和领域经济建设做出了重要贡献。如何进一步提高探矿工程类专业教学质量和如何把学生培养成新形势下社会主义的合格建设者和接班人,是个非常迫切而现实的问题,值得研究和思考。教学计划往往能够反映教学的培养目标、课程设置和教学过程,对于了解和评价教学质量和效果具有一定意义。对中国地质大学（武汉）探矿工程类专业（勘查技术与工程〈钻探与钻井〉）教学计划和国外（只有俄罗斯设有类似专业）类似专业教学计划进行了对比研究,从中提出相关的建议。     

监控视频动态目标的空间定位方法北大核心CSCD

针对监控视频动态目标的空间定位问题,本文在考虑相机畸变的前提下,对监控相机、目标像素坐标和地理场景之间的映射关系进行了研究,提出了基于数字表面模型(DSM)和基于平面约束的目标定位算法。首先,完成相机的标定,确定相机的成像模型;然后,提取畸变校正后的目标像素坐标,并通过目标定位算法计算目标的三维地理坐标;最后,进行了定位精度评定,并分析了两种定位算法的应用特点。本文的定位算法将以像素坐标定位的目标数据解析为以三维坐标定位的空间地理信息,为多摄像头的目标跟踪提供了统一的地理参考框架。