基于InSAR技术北京地区地面沉降监测与风险分析

以北京市典型地面沉降区为研究区,采用永久散射体技术--StamPS算法,利用覆盖北京地区的16幅ASAR图像进行永久散射体干涉处理,获得该区地面沉降监测信息,初步揭示了研究区地面沉降的空间分布特征.在此基础上,结合GIS空间分析方法,对地面沉降的风险范围、风险程度等进行综合分析,表明北京地区的地面沉降防治刻不容缓.     

大坪金矿构造矿体空间分布特征与构造控矿规律

大坪金矿是哀牢山造山型金矿的典型代表。矿床明显受到了红河—哀牢山断裂、小新街断裂以及小新街断裂的次级断裂的控制。研究断裂构造与矿体的空间分布特征以及新生代(58 Ma)以来研究区内发生的多次构造动力机制的转变对成矿的影响具有重要的理论价值和找矿意义。新生代以来,印度板块与欧亚板块发生汇聚碰撞,形成NW向的三级断裂构造系统;汇聚过程中,印度板块发生四次旋转方向的转变引发区内构造动力机制的四次转换,构造动力机制的转换与哀牢山造山带的大规模成矿作用具有重要关系,成矿物质主要来源于下地壳或上地幔,受壳—幔相互作用影响。红河—哀牢山断裂控制了区内造山型金矿的分布,小新街断裂是大坪金矿的导矿构造,次级断裂带构成了大坪金矿的容矿构造,断裂带中构造应力引张部位为金矿的矿化富集带。研究成果为大坪金矿成矿机制研究和深部找矿预测提供了重要的依据,对区内其他造山型金矿的研究也具有重要的参考意义。     

GIS SUPPORTED HEDONIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING PROPERTY VALUE IN WEST OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

1INTRODUCTIONOakland,locatedat37°47′43″N, 122°13′41″W, isa cityon the east side of San Francisco Bay in Northern Cali-fornia in the United States. As of 2000, the city had anarea of 202.4km2with a total population of 399 484,making it the third largest city in the San Francisco BayArea after San Jose and San Francisco. The city of Oak-land stretches from San Francisco Bay up into the EastBay Hills (from the "flatlands" West Oakland, NorthOakland up into the foothill distr…     

基于时间序列的高层建筑物沉降预测

本文从时间序列的原理出发,详细论述了时间序列的建模步骤,针对时间序列预测精度随预测步数的增加而减小的不足,对时间序列模型进行了改进,建立了动态时间序列模型,并采用MATLAB软件进行编程,最后结合某电厂冷却塔沉降观测数据进行预报,预报结果表明动态时间序列模型能保持较高的预报精度,能较好的描述建筑物的变形规律。     

First discovery of cryptotephra in Holocene peat deposits of Estonia, eastern Baltic

This article reports the first discovery of middle Holocene cryptotephra from a peat sequence in Estonia, eastern Baltic. Two sequences, Mustjärve and Parika (located 110 km apart), were chosen for a pilot study aimed at finding traces of tephra fallout during the middle Holocene. Peat accumulation at both sites started in the early Holocene (c. 9500–9000 ¹⁴C yr BP; c . 11 000–10000 cal. yr BP) and continued throughout the whole Holocene. The radiocarbon-dated intervals between c. 2000 and 5000 ¹⁴C yr BP (c. 2000–5500 cal. yr BP) were chosen from both sites for the study. Colourless tephra shards were identified at 312–316 cm below the peat surface in the Mustjärve peat sequence, while no tephra was found in peat of the same age at Parika. Electron microprobe analyses suggest a correlation with the initial phase of the Hekla-4 eruption (c. 4260 cal. yr BP), although the age-depth model indicated an age around 4900 cal. yr BP. Small concentrations of colourless to light brown tephra shards at 266–270 cm in the Mustjärve sequence indicate that the Kebister tephra (c. 3750 cal. yr BP) might also be present, but geochemical analyses were not possible. The low concentration and small size of the tephra particles indicate that Estonian bogs are probably on the verge of where tephrochronology is possible in northwestern Europe. Further studies of full Holocene sequences are required in order to discover traces of other ash plumes reaching as far east as the eastern Baltic area.     

Correlation of stadial and interstadial events in the south Swedish glacial varves with the GRIP oxygen isotope record

A number of correlated varve sequences from the local varve chronology in southeastern Sweden have been selected to make a 1040 varve years long mean varve thickness curve. Pollen analyses were carried out over an interval of 373 varve years in the northern part of the study area. The pollen stratigraphical data have been divided into local pollen assemblage zones which have been correlated with the radiocarbon-dated regional pollen assemblage zones. Based on variations in herb and tree pollen content of the analysed varve sequences, it has been possible to identify well-documented lateglacial pollen zones for southern Sweden, i.e. the Bölling interstadial (GI-1e), the Older Dryas cold event (GI-1d) and the early part of the Alleröd interstadial (GI-1c). The event stratigraphy in this study, based on varying varve thicknesses and the composition of the pollen flora in the varves, has been correlated with the oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the GRIP ice-core on Greenland between 13600 and 14400 GRIP ice-core years BP. It is concluded that five decadal warm events and one centennial warm event (15–60 and 100 varve years long, respectively) occur in the clay varve record along with one centennial cold event (150 varve years long), the Older Dryas (GI-1d).     

地形图从CAD到MapInfo的转换方法研究

目前大多数现有的地形图都是基于CAD格式绘制、存储的,但是CAD格式在数据分析、管理和处理上受到限制,需要转换成GIS格式。本文对地形图从AutoCAD(.dwg)数据格式转换为MapInfo(mid/mif)GIS数据,从图层组织、数据要素管理和背景图形方面对各种方法进行了分析研究。     

北京地下水系统演化与地面沉降过程

采用地下水动态监测网、GPS监测网数据、气象监测数据与SAR数据、GIS等技术相结合,建立地下水系统演化与地面沉降过程模型,系统分析了北京地区地下水降落漏斗区地面沉降的形成过程。研究表明:降雨量呈逐年下降趋势,地下水开采量随之增大;平原区地下水位呈下降趋势,间接导致了地下水降落漏斗和地面沉降的形成演化。地面沉降对地下水降落漏斗的响应模式存在着季节与年际差异性,时空分布上存在不均匀性,最大地面沉降速率约为41.43 mm/a;揭示了地下水降落漏斗与地面沉降漏斗空间展布特性存在一致性,但并非完全吻合。     

印尼塔里阿布岛铁矿项目岩心钻探施工技术

在印尼塔里阿布铁矿项目岩心钻探施工中,其地层既具有泥岩、页岩、粘土岩的遇水膨胀、坍塌,又有凝灰岩、火山灰岩的遇水溶解及硅化石英岩的“打滑”,以及粉状铁矿取心难的特点。易出现卡钻、粘钻等孔内事故。通过大胆的探索,形成了针对该地区岩心钻探施工的一套施工工艺,取得了良好的钻探技术效果。详细介绍了印尼塔里阿布岛铁矿项目岩心钻探施工技术。     

短时空基线PS-InSAR在北京地面沉降监测中的应用

短时空基线PS-InSAR采用同时控制时间基线和垂直基线的方法,在一定程度上避免了时空失相关问题。文中采用短时空基线PS-InSAR的方法监测北京区域地面沉降,分析了区域地面沉降中的时间序列演化特征,以及抽取地下水、断裂带对地面沉降的影响。结果发现时间序列上的地面沉降存在明显的季节性变化特征,抽取地下水作为导致地面沉降的主要原因,在一定程度上还取决于断裂带的影响,地面沉降中心区域并没有完全与地下水漏斗吻合,这可能与可压缩土层的厚度有关。