层状裂隙岩体中等效渗透性分析

通过解析法和数值方法对层状裂隙的渗透等效性进行了研究,分析了两种方法对等效性计算结果的差异,得到不同分析方法的适用条件;分析了层状裂隙岩体中不同种类裂隙隙宽的变化对等效渗透性的影响,得到了层状裂隙岩体等效渗透性的一般规律.     

关于四川省德格县旅游开发的几点建议

德格县旅游开发尚处于起步阶段,脆弱的旅游经济与丰厚的景现资源十分不相称.如何尽快地将资源转化为资本,加快地区经济快速增长,实现富民安康,是一项迫切的现实问题.德格县的旅游开发要重点突出人文内涵,打造精品线路.     

基于GIS的鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地浅层地下水水质分布规律研究

文章以地下水质量标准为基础,结合鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地水资源现状,构建了研究区地下水水质评价指标体系,并对国标中部分指标限值提出了修正建议。通过建立浅层地下水水质模糊综合评价模型,对研究区地下水水质进行了综合评价,并以GIS为平台,对水质空间分布状况及其规律进行了研究。结果表明:总硬度、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、氯化物指标的水化学分布对研究区地下水水质的影响最为明显,同时,盆地浅层地下水水质总体上相对较好,大部分地区地下水水质优于Ⅳ类,完全满足生活生产用水要求。     

锦屏二级水电站皮带机隧洞关键块体的概率分析

锦屏二级水电站皮带机隧洞岩体不连续面发育,确定隧洞开挖面是否可能产生关键块体具有重要实际意义。在对皮带机隧洞详细的地质调查和研究基础上,把随机概率模型引入关键块体理论,分析锦屏二级水电站皮带机隧洞关键块体的滑落概率,得出迹长和关键块体失稳的概率为反比关系,皮带机隧洞各主要结构面迹长为1~3m的概率较高,含结构面J2的关键块体相对稳定以及顶拱圈的加固将成为皮带机隧洞的支护重点等结论,为设计有效的加固方案提供了依据,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

LIMITATION OF CURRENT TECTONIC DEFORMATION MODES IN THE WESTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BASED ON SEISMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS

Due to the interaction between the Tibetan plateau, the Alxa block and the Ordos block, the western margin of Ordos(33.5°~39°N, 104°~108°E)has complex tectonic features and deformation patterns with strong tectonic activities and active faults. Active faults with different strikes and characteristics have been developed, including the Haiyuan Fault, the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault, the Liupanshan Fault, the Yunwushan Fault, the Yantongshan Fault, the eastern Luoshan Fault, the Sanguankou-Niushoushan Fault, the Yellow River Fault, the west Qinling Fault, and the Xiaoguanshan Fault. In this study, 7 845 earthquakes(M≥1.0)from January 1st, 1990 to June 30th, 2018 were relocated using the double-difference location algorithm, and finally, we got valid locations for 4 417 earthquakes. Meanwhile, we determined focal mechanism solutions for 54 earthquakes(M≥3.5)from February 28th, 2009 to September 2nd, 2017 by the Cut and Paste(CAP)method and collected 15 focal mechanism solutions from previous studies. The spatial distribution law of the earthquake, the main active fault geometry and the regional tectonic stress field characteristics are studied comprehensively. We found that the earthquakes are more spatially concentrated after the relocation, and the epicenters of larger earthquakes(M≥3.5) are located at the edge of main active faults. The average hypocenter depth is about 8km and the seismogenic layer ranges from 0 to 20km. The spatial distributions and geometry structures of the faults and the regional deformation feature are clearly mapped with the relocated earthquakes and vertical profiles. The complex focal mechanism solutions indicate that the arc-shaped tectonic belt consisting of Haiyuan Fault, Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault and Yantongshan Fault is dominated by compression and torsion; the Yellow River Fault is mainly by stretching; the west Qinling Fault is characterized by shear and compression. The structural properties of the fault structure are dominated by strike-slip and thrust, with a larger strike-slip component. The near-north-south Yellow River Fault is characterized by high angle NW dipping and normal fault motion. Based on small earthquake relocation and focal mechanism solution results, and in combination with published active structures and geophysical data in the study area, it is confirmed that the western margin of Ordos is affected by the three blocks of the Tibetan plateau, the Alax and the Ordos, presenting different tectonic deformation modes, and there are also obvious differences in motion among the secondary blocks between the active faults. The area south of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault has moved southeastward since the early Quaternary; the Yinchuan Basin and the block in the eastern margin of the Yellow River Fault move toward the SE direction.     

东营凹陷北部陡坡带西段水下扇体储集层特征

东营凹陷北部陡坡带发育多种类型的砂砾岩扇体，近年来一直是寻找隐蔽性油气藏的有利地区。其西段古近纪沙河街期四段时期形成以砂岩、砾岩为主的近岸水下扇沉积体。储集层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低，多为双模态和复模态结构。本文首先从宏观上对储集层的岩石类型、沉积特征和平面分布进行描述，再从微观上对影响储集层物性的主要成岩作用进行描述，分析该砂砾岩体储集层的孔隙类型和孔隙结构特征。最后，对储层进行综合评价，认为该类储集层孔隙类型多样，孔隙结构复杂，为中低孔隙度、低渗透率储层类型。     

2003年10月9日石棉4.2级地震宏观考察

2003年10月9日17时41分23秒,石棉县境内发生一次4.2级地震,仪器测定震中位于北纬29°02′;东经103°13′,石棉地震台测震记录ts-tp为2.7秒.截至10月13日11时,石棉单台记录仅有ts-tp到时差1.6、2.4秒的0.8和0.5级地震各一次.经现场实地考察,宏观震中烈度为Ⅳ度.经调查,地震没有造成人员伤亡、房屋破坏和经济损失.     

Numerical Assessing Experiments on the Individual Component Impact of the Meteorological Observation Network on the ＂July 2000＂ Torrential Rain in Beijing

In an effort to assess the impact of the individual component of meteorological observations (ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor,automatic and conventional meteorological observations) on the torrential rain event in 4-5 July 2000 in Beijing (with the 24-h accumulated precipitation reaching 240 mm),24-h observation system experiments are conducted numerically by using the MM5/WRF 3DVAR system and the nonhydrostatic MM5 model.Results indicate that,because the non-conventional GPS observations are directly assimilated into the initial analyses by 3DVAR system,better initial fields and 24-h simulation for the severe precipitation event are achieved than those under the MM5/Litter_R objective analysis scheme. Further analysis also shows that the individual component of meteorological observation network plays their special positive role in the improvement of initial field analysis and forecasting skills.3DVAR scheme with or without radiosonde and pilot observation has the most significant influence on numerical simulation,and automatic and conventional surface meteorological observations rank second.After acquiring the supplement information from the other meteorological observations,the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor data can more obviously reflect initial field assimilation and precipitation forecast.By incorporating the ground- based GPS precipitable water vapor data into the 3DVAR analyses at the initial time,the threat scores (TS) with thresholds of 1,5,10,and 20 mm are increased by 1%-8% for 6- and 24-h accumulated precipitation observations,respectively.This work gives one helpful example that assesses the impact of individual component of the existing meteorological observation network on the high influence weather event using 3DVAR numerical system.     

九寨沟地区生态水研究

生态水的存在形式与运动形式都有别于地表水和地下水,其水量可用于蒸发、调剂补给地表水与地下水,是决定水资源各量动态分配的中枢。这里对九寨沟地区生态水的类型、特性、受控因素等进行了剖析,并指出只有保护好生态水系统,才能实现景区可持续利用。这对九寨沟地区的环境保护和景区的开发利用具有重要意义。     

北京旅游信息系统的设计与实现

以北京旅游信息系统的开发为例,从数据库的设计、功能模块的设计等介绍基于GIS的旅游信息系统设计与实现流程。系统数据库以SQL Server2000进行管理,在VB环境下开发前端应用平台,利用ADO动态数据连接引擎实现数据通信;利用MapObjects组件技术,采用嵌入式集成方式,实现旅游空间分析、查询等专业应用与基本地理信息功能的有机集成。