华北东部平原深层抽水井水跃值计算方法及其规律研究

文章分析了目前常用的几种水跃值计算方法的适用性与不足,认为在华北东部平原地下水位变化强烈的漏斗区,这些方法均难以应用。同时提出了C—G法,即一次定流量抽水同步观测抽水井和观测井的水位,合理地解决了区域背景水位对水跃值计算的影响。研究表明,与修正后的多次定流量试验法——两次定流量抽水法相比,C—G法计算结果可靠。然后探讨了如何间接获取抽水期间抽水层区域背景水位动态资料的方法,校正背景水位波动对抽水水位的影响,采用自动水位计(DIVER)同步监测井中大气压对地下水位的影响。最后分析水跃值随时间和抽水井水位降深的变化规律。     

基于分布式水文模拟的三峡区间洪水预报(Ⅰ)——模型构建及验证

长江三峡区间因暴雨形成的洪水峰高量大,对三峡水库的防洪安全和运行调度的影响很大.本论文依据三峡地区的地形地貌特征,采用基于GIS的机理性分布式水文模型,来模拟三峡区间入库洪水,以尽量减少洪水预报中的不确定性.利用近期建成的78个自动雨量站网监测的小时降雨信息作为模型的输入,对模型参数进行了率定和验证,结果表明:大多数洪水过程的模拟精度较好,但也有的模拟结果较差,其中降雨信息缺失是洪水预报不确定性的主要来源.     

粗颗粒悬移质测验误差分析

本文根据流速与含沙量分布,研究了悬移质积点法对粗颗粒含沙量测验误差.首先指出无论从输沙率还是从悬浮高度看,粗颗粒悬移质集中于河底,致使水文测验中的一些测验方法(如一点法、二点法、三点法等)带有较大的误差.进而分析了各种测法对粗颗粒的相对误差,并且随着颗粒变粗,误差愈来愈大,以致不能接受.这种情况在水库下游河道冲刷过程中,会在一定程度上出现,必须重视研究和调整测验方法.最后通过与长江委水文局在沙市及监利两水文站试验结果对比,证明本文理论上的分析是可信的.     

浙江省小流域山洪灾害临界雨量确定方法分析

小流域山洪灾害具有突发性,预测预警难度较大.本文结合浙江省小流域山洪灾害防御的实践经验,研究提出了以水位反推法计算临界雨量,简单实用,具有较好的实践价值和推广意义.     

鲁中南隆起区第四纪晚期断裂活动特征

根据野外调查，并综合前人的研究资料，对鲁中南地区第四纪晚期断裂活动进行了分析，研究表明，鲁中南隆起区第四纪断裂活动具有时空不均匀性，主要表现为第四纪时期断层活动强度变化和断裂活动的群集性以及第四纪晚期断裂活动段分布的局限性上。对于鲁中南地区而言，活动断层可以分为中更新世中期（500kaBP)至晚更新世初期（90kaBP)活断层和晚更新世中、晚期至全新世早期活断层两类；其中前一类（主要是中更新世断裂）断裂数量较多，分布较为广泛，而晚更新世晚期以来的活动断裂段的数量较少，分布较局限。它们对地震的控制能力不同，前者可控制5．5级左右的地震，而后一类可控制6－7级地震的发生。     

DISCUSSION ON THE PLEISTOCENE HIGH SEA LEVEL ABOUT THE SHANDONG PENINSULA

It has for many years been controversial whether there was a Pleistocene high sea level on the Shandong Peninsula. Our investigations in recent years suggest that the red sandy sediments distributed around the Yuanyaodun village, Weihai County, the "Liukuang Red Bed" and the loess-like deposits near Penglai County should be terrestrial deposits, and there is will not a convincing evidence to confirm that abrasion landforms found above the 10m elevation oa the coast are of marine origin. From these, it is still not safe to say that a high sea level had occurred in the Shandong Peninsula during the Pleistocene.     

Linear magnetic anomalies and tectonic development of the middle Okinawa Trough

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Fluxes and sources of suspended organic matter in an estuarine turbidity maximum region during low discharge conditions

Water column concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) were measured at three different depths in four different locations bracketing the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) along the main channel of a temperate riverine estuary (Winyah Bay, South Carolina, USA). Measurements were carried out over full tidal cycle (over 24 h). Salinity, temperature, current magnitude and direction were also monitored at the same time throughout the water column. Tidally averaged net fluxes of salt, TSS, POC and PN were calculated by combining the current measurements with the concentration data. Under the extreme low river discharge conditions that characterized the study period, net landward fluxes of salt were measured in the lower part of the study area, suggesting that the landward transport through the main channel of the estuary was probably balanced by export out through the sides. In contrast, the net fluxes of salt in the upper reaches of the study area were near zero, indicating a closed salt balance in this part of the estuary. In contrast to salt, the net fluxes of TSS, POC and PN in the deeper parts of the water column were consistently landward at all four sites in Winyah Bay indicating the non-conservative behavior of particulate components and their active transport up the estuary in the region around the ETM.The carbon contents (%POC), carbon:nitrogen ratios (org[C:N]a) and stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C_POC) of the suspended particles varied significantly with depth, location and tidal stage. Tidally averaged compositions showed a significant increase up the estuary in the %POC and org[C:N]a values of suspended particles consistent with the preferential landward transport of carbon-rich particles with higher vascular plant debris content. The combination of tidal resuspension and flood-dominated flow appeared to be responsible for the hydrodynamic sorting of particles along the estuary that resulted in denser, organic-poor particles being transported landward less efficiently. The elemental and isotopic compositions indicated that vascular C₃ plants and estuarine algae were the major sources of the particulate organic matter of all the samples, without any significant contributions from salt marsh C₄ vegetation (Spartina alterniflora) and/or marine phytoplankton.     

长牡蛎碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

本文以长牡蛎为酶源提取材料,用正丁醇抽提,硫酸铵分级分离,DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析,得到一定纯度的碱性磷酸酶,提纯倍数为61.96,比活力达1.326U/mg.该酶的最适pH值9.6,最适温度38℃,初速度6.8μmol/(dm~3·min),米氏常数Km值为1.30mmol/dm~3.实验结果表明,Mg~(2+)对该酶有明显的激活作用;Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Hg~(2+)对该酶有明显的抑制作用.