A Report on a Biotite-Calcic Hornblende Geothermometer

This paper presents a biotite-calcic hornblende geothermometer which was empirically calibrated based on the gamet-biotite geothermometer and the gamet-plagioclase-hornblende-quartz geobarometer, in the ranges of 560-800℃ (T) and 0.26-1.4 GPa (P) using the data of metadolerite, amphibolite, metagabbro, and metapelite collected from the literature. Biotite was treated as symmetric Fe-Mg-AlVI-Ti quaternary solid solution, and calcic hornblende was simplified as symmetric Fe-Mg binary solid solution. The resulting thermometer may rebuild the input garnet-biotite temperatures well within an uncertainty of ±50℃. Errors of ±0.2 GPa for input pressure, along with analytical errors of ?% for the relevant mineral compositions, may lead to a random error of ±16℃ for this thermometer, so that the thermometer is almost independent of pressure estimates. The thermometer may clearly discriminate different rocks of lower amphibolite, upper amphibolite and granulite facies on a high confidence level. It is assume     

Discovery of Radiolarian Fossils from the Aiketik Group at the Western End of the South Tianshan Mountains of Chinaand Its Implications

The Aiketik Group, distributed at the western end of the South Tianshan Mountains, China, is an important lithostratigraphic unit involved in the South Tianshan orogen. It is separated from the adjacent rocks by faults. Generally, the geologists ascribed it to the Upper Carboniferous according to Pseudostaffella sp., Profusulinella sp. and Fusulinella sp. found from the limestone and sandy limestone of Aiketik. Our radiolarian fossils were obtained from the chert samples collected from the Haladaok section located at the upper Tuoshihan River. The fossils mainly include Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. aff. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp., Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?), Belowea variabilis (Ormiston et Lane), Callella cf. C. parvispinosa Won, Entactinia cf. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia aff. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia variospina Won, Entactinia sp., Eostylodicty     

Hydrothermal Alteration Zoning and Kinetic Process of Mineral-Water Interactions

This study reports the kinetic experimental results of albite in water and in KCI solution at 22 MPa in the temperature range of 25 to 400℃. Kinetic experiments have been carried out in an open flow-through reaction system (packed bed reactor). Albite dissolution is always incongruent in water at most temperatures, but becomes congruent at 300℃ (close to the critical point 374℃). At temperatures from 25 to 300℃, the incongruent dissolution of albite is reflected by the fact that sodium and aluminum are easily dissolved into water; from 300 to 400℃ it is reflected by silicon being more easily dissolved in water than Al and Na. Maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow hydrothermal systems have been repeatedly observed at 300℃, independent of flow rates.The kinetic experiments of albite dissolution in a KCl aqueous solution (0.1 mol KCl) indicate that the dissolution rate of albite increases with increasing temperature. Maximum silicon release rates of albite have been observed at 400℃, while ma     

Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan

Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang et Hao 2001 and Guangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, the Qujing district, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in this district. Based on the occurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum) and their horizons, it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage of the Xujiachong flora is comparable with the Early Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora of southeastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia flora of Australia. In view of this fact and the stratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formation is considered to be of (late) Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fish assemblages and the lithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to be of early Emsian age. The Xujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeogr     

Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of the Deep-buried Weathered-crust Karst Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic Group in the Tarim Basin

The genetic analysis of the deep-buried reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Tarim basin is a difficult task involving many factors. Firstly, the object of study is carbonate rocks, which have undergone a long term of modification. Secondly, the rocks are deeply buried with depths of 3800-7000 m in the Tarim basin. The primary reservoir properties formed in the deposition have been strongly modified during the deep burial process. Concurrently, the different burial depths in different areas result in diversities of burial temperature, pressure, underground water, hydrochemistry and various physicochemical changes, which further lead to differences in the diagenetic type, diagenetic property, diagenetic degree and their impacts on the reservoir properties. The Lower Paleozoic Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim basin can be grouped into four types, i.e., paleo-weathered-crust reservoirs, reef reservoirs, buried karst reservoirs and dolomite reservoirs. This paper     

塔里木盆地晚泥盆世及石炭纪岩相古地理

塔里木盆地上泥盆统及石炭系包括5个组，自下而上分别为上泥盆统东河塘组和甘木里克组，石炭系巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和小海子组。其中东河塘组和甘木里克组地质时代为晚泥盆世，巴楚组地质时代为早石炭世杜内早中期，卡拉沙依组地质时代为晚杜内中期至巴什基尔期，小海子组地层时代为巴什基尔末期至莫斯科早期。岩石类型有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，还有膏盐岩，并夹薄层火山碎屑岩。沉积相主要为海陆过渡相组合，包括河流、三角洲、滨岸、浅海、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘6种相和12种亚相及33种微相。晚泥盆世东河塘期至石炭纪发生过4次较大的海侵，海侵范围由下而上逐渐增大，至晚石炭世小海子期海侵规模最大。东河塘期开始海侵，海水由西而东侵入，此时周缘碎屑物质供应充分，主要为无障壁海岸和障壁海岸沉积，西南缘为浅海相沉积。巴楚期晚期，海侵范围进一步扩大，物源向北或北东方向退却，陆源碎屑物质注入急剧减少，形成了一套富含生屑的碳酸盐岩地层，发育了开阔台地和局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期中期海侵规模比巴楚期更大，海水深度加大，西部为开阔台地亚相沉积，其余地区为局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期晚期和小海子期海侵达最大，向东扩展，大部分地区为开阔台地亚相沉积，东部地区为局限台地亚相沉积，塔北大部分地区缺失。     

2—（2，3，5—三氮唑偶氮）—1，8—二羟基—3，6—萘二磺酸与钴的显色反应及应用

介绍了新水溶性显色剂 2 - ( 2 ,3,5 -三氮唑偶氮 ) - 1 ,8-二羟基 - 3,6-萘二磺酸与钴的显色反应及应用 ,建立了测定钴的新方法。在 pH 9.9的Na2 B4O7 NaOH缓冲液中该试剂与钴形成 1∶1蓝色稳定络合物 ,λmax为 5 88.8nm ,Co的质量浓度在 0～ 1 .0mg/L内符合比尔定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 3.46× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。所拟方法用于环境水样及维生素B1 2 注射液中的微量钴测定 ,结果与原子吸收法相符 ,5次测定的RSD <1 %。     

山东蓝宝石的呈色机制及改色试验

利用穆斯堡尔谱分析结果以及前人光谱分析等资料，从铁离子的价态入手，重新确立了山东蓝宝石的呈色机制，确定出致蓝因素与致黑因素。认为Fe^2 与Ti^4 对可见光565nm的吸收是使蓝宝石产生美丽蓝色调的原因，而Fe^3 对可见光442nm的吸收是使蓝宝石呈黑色的原因，并在此基础上进行了以消除Fe^3 、保障并增加Fe^2 和Ti^4 为宗旨的改色实验，取得了较好的效果。     

准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

准噶尔盆地腹地陆梁起基底火山岩岩性为富钠玄武岩及流纹岩，总体显示出板内双峰火山岩特点。玄武岩的特征是：岩石的五晶和基质中普遍出现橄榄石；辉石为普通辉石；斑晶和基质中的长石为偏酸性的斜长石（平均牌号为30－50）；全岩化学成分CIPW计算结果表明，绝大部分含有Ne（2．8％－4．6％），均含有O1（19．3％－10．1％）和Di（0．2％－24．6％），标准矿物分子组合为Ne＋O1＋Di＋An；在全碱－SiO2图上玄武岩投影于碱性区；Mg^#＜65；REE总量为110．29－158．06μg/g。（La/Y）N变化范围为3．10－4．51。δEu变化于0．93－1．04；弱武岩的微量元素标准化图解为LILE相对于LREE适度富集，Nb,Ta相对于LREE和LILE亏损。Ni,Cr含量略低于原始岩浆的参考值；以上特征表明，弱武岩总体上属于碱性橄榄玄武岩；玄武岩具有较同正的εNd(t)和低的^87Sr/^86Sr，而流纹岩则具有较低的εNd(t)和较高的^87Sr/^86Sr，反映它们的同源性和遭受陆壳物质同化混染程度的不同。同位素Rb-Sr等时线年龄和单颗粒锆石蒸发年龄集中在323－395Ma。以上特点表明，陆梁玄武岩来自于亏损的地幔源区，并经历了一定程度的分异作用和陆壳物质的混染作用，其形成于板内环境，与泥盆纪－石灰纪区域伸展作用有关，因此，陆梁隆起带基底很可能是一个大陆裂谷带。     

地下爆炸成腔注浆支护的小型实验研究

针对爆扩成腔稳定性差、渗水率高及遇水坍塌等问题，采用注浆抽浆法对爆炸空腔进行了支护，并进行防渗小型实验研究。确定了注浆临界水灰比为0.8:1，分别对重力注浆、压力注浆以及压力注浆加防水剂和无支护的4个空腔进行了支护对比实验。实验表明：重力注浆不足以达到要求，压力注浆是一种解决支护和防渗较为可行的方法，加入防水剂后效果更好。