改进型经验正交函数海洋声速剖面预报方法

鉴于深海温跃层以下往往声速值缺乏,声速剖面不完整的原因,提出一种声速剖面的预报方法:在传统经验正交函数预报法基础上,首先改进协方差矩阵的求解方法,将原始数据的空间信息和时间信息有效地融合到协方差矩阵中,通过由大量实测数据统计得出的时间函数的经验公式,得到合成剖面,将二者结合,把不完整剖面垂直向下延拓到海底,较为有效地解决了传统方法求解协方差矩阵和时间函数较粗糙的问题,给出了完整的海洋声速剖面的准确预报.实测数据检验结果表明,改进方法的预报精度比传统方法有了很大提高.     

瘤状软骨凹顶藻化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱以及Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱手段,对海洋红藻瘤状软骨凹顶藻(Chondrophycus papillous Garbary et Harper)进行化学成分研究,分离得到5个化合物.通过MS、NMR等方法对得到的化合物进行结构确证,分别鉴定为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Ⅰ),邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(Ⅱ),胆甾醇(Ⅲ),植醇(Ⅳ)和4-羟基苯甲醛(Ⅴ).所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中分离得到.通过MTT法对得到的单体化合物进行细胞毒活性筛选,结果显示所有化合物在10 mg/L浓度下均无明显活性.     

广东博贺澙湖潮滩的冲淤变化及其动力作用分析

基于遥感技术,对反映17 a来博贺澙湖的5景遥感影像定量反演潮滩水边线,在此基础上推算澙湖潮滩的沉积与冲刷速率,同时对引起潮滩变化的动力作用进行探讨,结果表明博贺澙湖的潮滩以淤展为主,其中处于开敞地段的澙湖潮滩出现冲刷,遮蔽岸段的澙湖潮滩淤积,控制澙湖潮滩变化的主要因子是包括圈围潮滩成盐田、虾池以及鱼塘等的人类活动.     

青岛琅琊湾滨海湿地的保护和利用

随着沿海经济的飞速发展,沿海土地后备资源出现日益紧缺的局面,滨海湿地资源的保护刻不容缓。目前正在琅琊湾西海岸进行的青岛港董家口港区等重工业建设,对滨海湿地破坏严重,亟需对琅琊湾滨海湿地做出科学规划和合理利用,建议设立湿地-工业缓冲带,建设人工湿地和开展立体养殖。     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷胶与Zn-Al型水滑石复合膜为离子载体的溶解二氧化碳电极及其性能标定

深海探测溶解CO2气体异常.可以为寻找热液口提供一个很好的证据.本文设计的基于自制的聚二甲基硅氧烷胶与Zn-Al型水滑石复合膜为离子载体的溶解CO2探测电极属于电势型CO2电极,适用于对深海中溶解形式的CO2的测量,具有体积微小、便于与pH、盐度、温度、氧化还原电位等多种传感器集成在同一探头腔内,实施在线探测等优点.实验室条件下.将该溶解CO2探测电极与银,氯化银参比电极分别接在Keithley 6517A高阻抗电位计输入端进行测试,测试结果表明:该电极对不同浓度的碳酸氢钠溶液具有良好的响应信号,响应时间大约在30s-1 min.检测限在10-1-10-4mol·L-1.     

EFFECTS OF COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ALGINATES ON ADSORPTION OF DIVALENT METALS

Results of a series of experiments(on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of the M/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu~(2+) ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block ((?)_G) and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as the F_(MM)(diad frequency) in alginate in     

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China

Water samples were collected in 120 stations in the Bohai Sea of China to analyze the distribution of dissolved nutrients and assess the degree of eutrophication in August 2002. The result shows that the average concentration of DIN increased and the PO4-P concentration sharply decreased compared to the previous data of corresponding period. The high concentrations of DIN and PO4-P occurred in coastal waters, especially in the bays and some river estuaries, while the high concentrations of SiO3-Si in the surface and middle depth occurred in the central area of the Bohai Sea. The average ratio of DIN/ PO4-P was much higher than the Redfield Ratio (16:1). Apparently, PO4-P was one of the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growing in the sea. The average concentrations of DON and DOP were higher than their inorganic forms. The results of eutrophication assessment show that 22.1% of all stations were classified as violating the concentration levels of the National Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) for DIN and only 3.9% for PO4-P. The average eutrophication index in the overall area was 0.21±0.22 and the high values occurred in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and near the Yellow River estuary. This means that the state of eutrophication was generally mesotrophic in the Bohai Sea, but relatively worse in the bays, especially some river estuaries.     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格南部地区盒8段沉积相特征及其意义

依据野外露头、岩芯、测井及相关测试资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格南部地区上古生界中二叠统石盒子组盒8沉积期的沉积类型、沉积微相特征及沉积相对天然气成藏富集的影响进行了分析。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格南部地区盒8沉积期自北向南依次发育缓坡浅水辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖沉积相,亚相主要为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、滨湖和浅湖,微相包括分流河道、分流间洼地、水下分流河道、水下天然堤、分流间湾、滨湖砂坝、滨湖泥湾和浅湖泥湾;各微相在空间上相互叠置,复合加积;各微相水动力条件的差异造成微相在沉积物成分和组构上各异,导致其成岩作用不同;分流河道和水下分流河道微相发育处密集形成相互叠置的大面积骨架砂体,构成区内主砂带,成为天然气优质储集层,是有利勘探相带;沉积相明显控制优质储集层的分布,进而影响着天然气的富集成藏。总之,水下分流河道和分流河道微相是砂岩优质储集层分布和发育的最有利相带,也是今后勘探开发的方向。     

脂肪水平对厚唇弱棘鯻生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响

以鱼油为脂肪源,配制成脂肪水平(质量分数,下同)分别为3.1%、5.8%、9.4%、11.9%和15.1%的5种等氮饲料,探讨饲料脂肪水平对初始体重为(4.05±0.11)g的厚唇弱棘鯻(Hephaestus fuliginosus)生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着饲料脂肪含量提高,实验用鱼脏体比、肥满度及肌肉粗蛋白含量也随着提高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平从3.1%增加到9.4%,厚唇弱棘鯻的饲料效率呈升高趋势,相对增重率值由76.42%±5.88%升至102.09%±5.31%;而当饲料脂肪水平从9.4%提高至15.1%,饲料效率呈降低趋势(P<0.05),相对增重率值降为70.54%±2.06%。随着饲料脂肪水平提高,厚唇弱棘鯻肝体比、肌肉粗脂肪含量、肠道脂肪酶活性均呈上升趋势,且各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。表明本实验条件下饲料脂肪含量超过9.4%可导致厚唇弱棘鯻生长和饲料利用下降,对其形体特征、肌肉粗脂肪含量以及肠道脂肪酶活性均有显著影响。     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.