基于不同背景场的云内COSMIC掩星资料的偏差分析

利用2007-2009年Cloud Sat卫星云廓线雷达(nadir-pointing cloud profiling radar,CPR)资料,气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Global Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate,COSMIC)掩星资料,分析了不同类型云内COSMIC掩星资料与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)分析场之间的折射率偏差特征。COSMIC与ECMWF和NCEP之间的折射率偏差分别用Nbias^ECMWF和Nbias^NCEP表示。研究发现,Nbias^ECMWF在积云、层积云、高积云和高层云中的最大值分别为1.2%、0.2%、0.5%和0.2%,而Nbias^NC...     

史密斯地层与非史密斯地层

国际地层指南中指出, 地层学应扩展为包括对构成地壳的所有岩石体的描述.所有各类岩石(沉积的、火成的、变质的、固结的和非固结的) 都属于地层学和地层分类的总体研究范畴.传统地层学主要针对沉积成因地层, 虽然拓展包括了一部分火山喷出岩, 如熔岩类、火山碎屑岩和火山灰等层状火山岩, 其形成的力学机制基本上是重力机制, 即向地心方向受重力作用逐渐累积.本文将重力机制下形成的地层及其适度扩展物(如沉积变质和沉积火山岩类) 称之为史密斯地层.现代地层学概念中, 形成地层的力学机制不仅仅是重力, 而且包括了热力(如蛇绿岩)、机械力或构造力(如混杂岩、构造岩等).非重力机制或非沉积成因的地层, 亦都有时空顺序, 其顺序服从各自的力学机制和成因, 但不服从史密斯地层的叠覆律; 这些非重力机制形成的地层不属于史密斯地层学的范畴, 本文称之为非史密斯地层.造山带混杂岩区主要依据构造力作用机制不同, 其非史密斯地层形成方式可区分为俯冲刮削拼贴式、俯冲折返拼贴式和仰冲推覆式等.      

东太平洋海隆13°N和赤道附近表层沉积物中的元素赋存状态

为了解海底热液活动对沉积物元素赋存状态的影响,对东太平洋海隆(EPR)13°N和赤道附近表层沉积物样品17A-EPR-TVG1、17A-EPR-TVG5做了全样及顺序提取分析,探讨了Al、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ti、Ba、Zn、Cu、Sr、V、Mo、U及稀土元素赋存状态。XRD结果显示,17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物的主要矿物形态为黄铁矿,17A-EPR-TVG5沉积物样品主要矿物为方解石。受热液影响明显的17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物中,除Ca、Sr外,其余元素主要赋存于铁锰氧化物与残留相中。正常深海沉积物17A-EPR-TVG5中,除Al、Ba、Ti外,其余元素主要赋存于碳酸盐相及铁锰氧化物相中。稀土元素的顺序提取结果显示,17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物4个相态稀土元素北美页岩配分曲线中均有Eu正异常,17A-EPR-TVG5沉积物4个相态稀土元素北美页岩配分曲线中均出现Ce负异常,分别指示了二者形成过程中热液与海水的加入。     

钻进取样试验用模拟月壤

[摘 要]钻具在月壤中进行钻进取样,是一个钻具与月壤相互作用的过程。为获得可靠的月壤钻具,在其研制过程中应在月壤里进行钻进试验。但地球上的真实月壤很珍贵,难以满足钻进试验的需要。采用能够较好地模拟真实月壤主要物理力学特性的模拟月壤,代替真实月壤进行钻进取样试验,是月壤钻具研制的一个必要手段。国外已对月壤进行了大量的研究,并取得了丰富的成果。本文在对真实月壤以及模拟月壤研究进行总结的基础上,对月壤钻具研制中所需的模拟月壤进行了简要的阐述,可供月壤钻具研制参考。     

The effect of the earth's rotation on ground water motion

The average pore velocity of ground water according to Darcy's law is a function of the fluid pressure gradient and the gravitational force (per unit volume of ground water) and of aquifer properties. There is also an acceleration exerted on ground water that arises from the Earth's rotation. The magnitude and direction of this rotation-induced force are determined in exact mathematical form in this article. It is calculated that the gravitational force is at least 300 times larger than the largest rotation-induced force anywhere on Earth, the latter force being maximal along the equator and approximately equal to 34 N/m(3) there. This compares with a gravitational force of approximately 10(4) N/m(3).     

黄海春季海洋病毒的空间分布特征

采用荧光显微技术,报道了春季(2006年4月)海洋病毒丰度在黄海的空间分布,分析了病毒丰度与细菌丰度、叶绿素α浓度、温度和盐度的相关关系.研究结果表明,黄海表层水中病毒丰度的变化范围为1.08x107～9.90x107个/mL,平均值是5.62×107个/mL土2.28x107个/mL,细菌丰度的变化范围为0.01×1...     

用边界元法求解吸气罩流场

用边界元法计算吸气罩流场，将流场计算区域分为两子区域，分别推导出各子区域边界积分方程，利用边界元法进行联合求解。     

光合细菌(PSB)饲喂海湾扇贝幼虫的试验

光合细菌(Photo Synthetic Bacteria,简称 PSB)是一种以光为能源,以CO_2或有机物质为碳源而繁殖的微生物,广泛分布于海洋、河流、土壤及污泥表层中。光合细菌具有净化水质的能力,其菌体含有丰富的蛋白质,V_(B12)、叶酸、生长素等促生物生长因子,是鱼虾、贝幼虫的良好饵料,近几年引起国内外水产界的重视。     

Impacts of a fuel oil spill on seagrass meadows in a subtropical port, Gladstone, Australia--the value of long-term marine habitat monitoring in high risk areas

We used an established seagrass monitoring programme to examine the short and longer-term impacts of an oil spill event on intertidal seagrass meadows. Results for potentially impacted seagrass areas were compared with existing monitoring data and with control seagrass meadows located outside of the oil spill area. Seagrass meadows were not significantly affected by the oil spill. Declines in seagrass biomass and area 1month post-spill were consistent between control and impact meadows. Eight months post-spill, seagrass density and area increased to be within historical ranges. The declines in seagrass meadows were likely attributable to natural seasonal variation and a combination of climatic and anthropogenic impacts. The lack of impact from the oil spill was due to several mitigating factors rather than a lack of toxic effects to seagrasses. The study demonstrates the value of long-term monitoring of critical habitats in high risk areas to effectively assess impacts.     

基于DEA-SFA模型的海洋科技转化成果绩效测评

文章运用DEA-SFA模型,对2010年我国海洋科技经济效益转化率、海洋科技生态效益转化率和海洋科技学术成果转化率进行了测算。通过第一阶段和第三阶段结果的对比分析,得到文章主要结论:剔除环境因素和随机因素影响的海洋科技转化效率整体有所下降,这说明目前我国海洋科技转化率发展不平衡,未来海洋科技在强调投入增加的同时要考虑人均海洋GDP、建立海洋科研院的数量以及社会综合发展指数的环境因素,整体提升海洋科技转化效率。