Spatial contrast in phytoplankton,bacteria and microzooplankton grazing between the eutrophic Yellow Sea and the oligotrophic South China Sea

Three cruises were conducted to investigate the distributions of nutrients,chlorophyll a(Chla),new and regenerated primary production,bacterial abundance and production,and microzooplankton grazing rates in the Yellow Sea(YS)and the South China Sea(SCS)during March and May.As the water column moved from low to high temperature,weak to strong stratification and high to low nutrients from the YS to the SCS,Chl-a,primary production and bacterial biomass decreased.In contrast,bacterial production,microzooplankton grazing and size preference increased from the YS to the SCS.The increasing grazing activity and decreasing f-ratio from the YS to the SCS suggest roles of regenerated nutrients in the supporting the community increased and more bacteria played important roles in the carbon flow in the oligotrophic SCS than in the eutrophic YS.These variabilities force the classical food chain dominated community in the eutrophic waters into the microbial loop,which is dominant in oligotrophic waters.As nutrients decrease,temperature and grazing activity increase from the YS to the SCS.The increasing ratio of integrated bacterial production to integrated primary production indicates that communities change from autotrophy to heterotrophy and waters change from a carbon sink to a carbon source.     

700年以来冲绳海槽南部黏土矿物来源及其对沉积环境的响应

本文对冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站700年以来的黏土矿物组成及结晶学特征进行了研究和分析,并对该区的物质来源以及黏土矿物所记录的东亚季风的演化历史进行了探讨。研究发现冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站黏土矿物组合总体是以伊利石（59%~77%,平均含量69%）和绿泥石（11%~17%,平均含量14%）为主,蒙脱石（5%~23%,平均含量12%）和高岭石含量（2%~6%,平均含量4%）则相对较低。通过黏土矿物研究对物源进行分析,发现冲绳海槽南部研究站位的黏土矿物中,伊利石、绿泥石以及高岭石主要来自于台湾岛上的河流,尤其是兰阳溪,蒙脱石则主要是来自于长江和东海大陆架的悬浮再沉积。蒙脱石/（伊利石+绿泥石）比值可以用来大致反映长江和东海大陆架与台湾岛对研究区物质输入的相对贡献。其相对贡献量的变化很好地记录了小冰期（1405 A.D.—1850 A.D.）东亚夏季风的减弱和台湾岛东北部-冲绳海槽南部地区相对湿润的气候特征。而该比值所指示的现代暖期（1960 A.D.）夏季风强度的减弱则可能主要是受到人类活动的影响。     

浅谈新时期不动产权籍调查测绘工作

伴随着全国不动产登记机构的成立,不动产统一登记工作顺利开展。其中,不动产权籍调查测绘是为不动产登记工作提供有效信息的唯一来源。因此,加强对不动产权籍调查测绘工作的研究,有着非常重要的意义。     

城市轨道交通和建成环境对居民步行行为的影响

步行作为一种主要的交通方式和日常体力活动形式,其与公共交通使用和建成环境的关系是城市地理学和公共健康研究的热点。目前城市轨道交通对步行行为的影响研究相对不足,且在中国的实证研究中对于自选择问题的控制尚未引起足够重视。基于2014年西安市建成环境与居民出行行为微观调查数据,采用匹配对照的准实验研究设计,通过自选择效应的控制,本文探究并区分了城市轨道交通及建成环境对交通和休闲步行频率的影响。研究发现:① 出行态度和偏好等自选择因素对个人步行频率具有重要影响。② 控制了个人社会经济属性和自选择因素后,受访者对建成环境的感知极大地影响了步行频率。③ 客观建成环境变量对于步行频率的影响与发达国家的实证研究结果存在一定差异。无论交通步行还是休闲步行频率模型中,均未发现密度的显著影响。客观建成环境变量中周边购物及餐饮设施数量和常规公交站点数量对交通步行频率产生显著正效应,但对休闲步行并不产生显著影响。④ 地铁对交通步行频率具有显著的独立影响。本研究有助于进一步了解城市居民步行出行背后的影响因素,并为通过优化城市土地利用规划来引导城市居民绿色和健康出行的政策制定提供启示。     

Talc-beating serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc： implications for aseismic character within subduction zones

The serpentinized peridotites overlying the subducted zones in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc system have been interpret as the cause of the low-velocity layer identified beneath the IBM froearc, in turn few earthquakes occurred along the plate boundary. Chrysotile, which is a low temperature and highly hydrated phase of serpentine with low frictional strength, has been suggested as the low velocity material in the serpentinized peridotites, besides, brucite is inferred to be likely conducive to stable sliding. However, such idea encounters challenging in our serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc, which absent both the above minerals. The presence of talc, which characterized by its weak, low-friction and inherently stable sliding behavior, provides new clue. Here we report the occurrence of talc in serpentinized peridotites collected from the landward trench slope of the southern Mariana forearc. We infer that talc is mainly forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated fluids released from the subducting slab, and talc also occurs as talc veins sometimes. Due to its unique physical properties, talc may therefore play a significant role in aseismic slip in the IBM subduction zone.

     

渔民专业合作社运行绩效及规范化建设路径研究——以舟山市为例

文章以<农民专业合作社法>颁布实施一周年为时间节点,对从事海洋捕捞与海水养殖业的渔民专业合作社的运行情况进行了系统的调查,在对调查数据进行归类、分析的基础上,概括了渔民专业合作社取得的成效,指出存在的主要问题,并就渔民专业合作社的规范化建设提出了一些建设性意见.     

铀系碳酸盐标准物质的年龄测定

铀系不平衡方法是20世纪发展起来的一种利用自然界中放射性核素测定地质年龄的方法,在海洋学、地质学、考古学、古气候学、古地理学等领域有广泛的应用,到现今为止,铀系不平衡测年方法已经非常成熟。本文介绍了碳酸盐测年方法及实验流程,并对两个国内铀系碳酸盐标准物质进行测试,把结果与标准值进行比较,获得的数据均在不确定度范围内。     

重金属污水对木榄幼苗几种保护酶及膜脂质过氧化作用的影响

用5个级别的人工复合重金属污水处理红树植物木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza幼苗,2个月后对其叶片和根系中的保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性变化以及对膜脂质过氧化作用的影响进行分析。结果显示,当污染级别不大于5倍污水时,根系中SOD活性随污染程度的增加而增加,污染程度再升级其活性迅速下降但仍高于对照组水平;叶片中SOD活性在1倍污水时与对照组相比有所下降,随后的变化与在根系中的变化相似。POD活性在根系和叶片中的变化相对一致,均随污染级别的增加而升高;但在叶片中的变化幅度大于根系中的变化幅度。CAT活性在叶片中不受污染程度的影响,保持平稳,但在高程度污染下活性有下降趋势;而根系中CAT活性在10倍污水时达到最大值,污染程度再升级其活性下降。叶片中膜脂质过氧化作用随污染程度的增加而加剧,MDA的积累增加;但根系中MDA含量在5倍污水时最少,只为对照组的21.98%,其后随着污染程度的增加其MDA含量大幅度积累,膜脂质过氧化作用加剧。从整个试验结果分析认为,木榄在遭受重金属胁迫时具有优先保护根系以增强植物的抗重金属能力。     

Bacterial community and some physico-chemical characteristics in a subtropical mangrove environment in Bahrain

A study of bacterial communities and some physico-chemical parameters of a subtropical mangrove habitat in the Arabian Gulf (Bahrain) was carried out in 1993-1994. Six stations at different parts of the tidal channel were selected for sampling. The mangrove habitat was found to harbor diverse bacterial communities, included among them anoxygenic phototrophs (AP), oxygenic phototrophs (OP), organotrophs (OT), total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC) and haloalkaliphiles (HA). Spatial and temporal variations in bacterial communities and environmental parameters were found. Each of the OT, AP, TC, and FC were dominant in the innermost stations (S1&S2) and gradually decreased seaward. The HA community on the other hand, was dominant at the seaward stations (S5&S6) and was most likely to have originated from the sea through the tidal flows. Both AP and OT were considered as part of the mangrove native flora, whereas TC and FC were alien and believed to have been introduced through partially treated sewage released at the upstream of the tidal channel. Closely monitoring of the mangrove water revealed succession pattern in bacterial communities. The AP community was predominant from November 1993 to March 1994, succeeded by dominance of OP from June 1994 to October 1994. Both bacterial blooms gave water a pinkish, purple, or green color, respectively. Although OT prevailed during Transitional period between AP and OP eutrophication, it remained comparatively constant (not less than 2 x 10(5)cfu/ml) through other periods. Frequent eutrophication phenomena of OP, which took place in summer and autumn, coincided with increases in water temperature, chlorophyll a, and nutrients (NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-)). On the other hand, OT and AP were negatively correlated with temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a, but no specific pattern was observed in relation to NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-). In comparison with seawater, nutrients such as NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-) were consistently higher in the mangrove habitat. Partially treated sewage and farm drainage canals are proposed to form additional sources of nutrients. Although, the mangrove habitat has been demonstrated to possess self-cleaning properties, data obtained suggest that anthropogenic pollution has a deleterious effect.