Could CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b be remnants of evaporated gas or ice giants?

We present thermal mass loss calculations over evolutionary time scales for the investigation if the smallest transiting rocky exoplanets CoRoT-7b (∼1.68R_Earth) and Kepler-10b (∼1.416R_Earth) could be remnants of an initially more massive hydrogen-rich gas giant or a hot Neptune-class exoplanet. We apply a thermal mass loss formula which yields results that are comparable to hydrodynamic loss models. Our approach considers the effect of the Roche lobe, realistic heating efficiencies and a radius scaling law derived from observations of hot Jupiters. We study the influence of the mean planetary density on the thermal mass loss by placing hypothetical exoplanets with the characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus to the orbital location of CoRoT-7b at 0.017 AU and Kepler-10b at 0.01684 AU and assuming that these planets orbit a K- or G-type host star. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-rich gas giants within the mass domain of Saturn or Jupiter cannot thermally lose such an amount of mass that CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b would result in a rocky residue. Moreover, our calculations show that the present time mass of both rocky exoplanets can be neither a result of evaporation of a hydrogen envelope of a “Hot Neptune” nor a “Hot Uranus”-class object. Depending on the initial density and mass, these planets most likely were always rocky planets which could lose a thin hydrogen envelope, but not cores of thermally evaporated initially much more massive and larger objects.     

Wind and freshwater influence over hydrocarbon dispersal on Patos Lagoon, Brazil

The two-dimensional barotropic, hydrodynamic and transport model MOHID is applied to the Patos Lagoon system using a nested modelling approach to reproduce both the lagoon and estuary hydrodynamics. A new Lagrangian oil spill model is presented and used to simulate a hypothetical oil spill in the estuary. Hydrodynamic fields are validated and used to force the oil model. Results show that the hydrodynamics of this system is mainly controlled by the wind and freshwater discharge. The dispersion, concentration and thickness evolution of the oil in the first day after the spill is determined by the equilibrium between these two factors. The freshwater discharge is the major factor controlling the oil dispersion for discharges greater than 5000 m3 while the wind assumes control for lower discharge amounts. The results presented are a first step toward a coastal management tool for the Patos Lagoon.     

阿斯南地震的余震发震构造及构造应力场分析

1980年10月10日阿尔及利亚的阿斯南（El ASnam）发生了Ms=7.2级地震。震后法-阿联合考察队布设了临时地震台网。其中有法国斯特拉斯堡地球物理研究所地震研究室,为作近场研究而布设的由8个地震站组成的遥测地震台网,取得了良好的记录,较精确地确定了各项地震参数。我们试用了J.A.Mendiguren所提出的“用综合节面解寻找不同震源机制分布区域的方法”,利用上述台网所取得的部分余震资料,对该区余震的发震构造及构造应力场进行了研究。     

乌兹别克地震学家们的日常工作

世界上每年发生几千次地震,其中很多地震是灾害性的。为了完善地震预报方法,科学家们在做些什么呢?乌兹别克加盟共和国科学院地震研究所是研究这一重要课题的苏联科研单位之一。1966年4月的塔什干地震悲剧过后,由于建筑工作者的努力和地震工作者认识的深化,使新住宅的基础更加牢固,因此,塔什干的居民感到比较放心。根据科学的建议,乌兹别克斯坦水库的大坝也进行了加固。然而,研究所的主要目的是研究更加完善的预报地震的方     

剩磁-温度谱与冷却模式

本文解释热剩磁和粘滞剩磁的阻挡过程。较慢冷却伴随较低的阻挡温度。一组同一的磁颗粒,其实验室解阻温度不一定等于其磁化成分的阻挡温度。冷却速率不同,重排剩磁量会不同,两者的关系与磁畴状态有关。距烘烤体不同距离采集磁颗粒分布相同的围岩样品,在一定场合下,根据其剩磁-实验室解阻温度谱所示的重排剩磁量的差别,可讨论冷却速度及模型。本文列举苏格兰某些围岩的不同重排剩磁量,讨论有关问题。     

西昆仑大地构造相解剖及其多岛增生过程

西昆仑造山带的大地构造相自北向南大致包括：（ｉ）塔里木地块西南构造域, （ｉｉ）库地北岩浆弧,（ｉｉｉ）库地混杂带,（ｉｖ）库地微陆块,（ｖ）主剪切带,（ｖｉ）峡南桥钙 碱性岩浆杂岩带,（ｖｉｉ）麻扎－康西瓦混杂带－增生楔,（ｖｉｉｉ）甜水海前陆褶皱冲断带等组成 部分．其中大地构造相（Ｉ）－（ｖ）记录了晚元古代－早古生代原特提斯大洋向北消减,欧 亚大陆向南增生的历史,而大地构造相（ｖｉ）－（ｖｉｉｉ）记录了羌塘地块北部被动陆缘沉积 大地构造演化、古特提斯洋晚古生代－早中生代的消减以及羌塘地块与欧亚大陆碰撞、 拼贴并最终焊合的历史．大地构造相分析表明西昆仑造山带存在复杂的多岛海－增生弧 造山作用．这种复杂的多岛增生作用是欧亚大陆向南增生的重要特征．     

地震预警台网密度优化:加利福尼亚州研究实例

正引言地震预警系统能快速检测地震的发生并对可能来临的地面震动发出警告。目前,日本和墨西哥已经存在公共预警系统,包括美国西海岸在内的许多其他地区也在发展地震预警系统[1]。在地震预警系统的设计中,调研企业和公众主动利用预警信息的方式是一个至关重要的因素[2-5]。在2011年M9日本东北大地震期间,尽管低估了地震震级,但还是成功地发布了地震警报[6]。为了确定警报的用处,日本气象厅(JMA)进行了公开的     

第22章：数字地震信号分析

日益丰富和完善的地震数据在过去几十年里促进了地震学的长足发展。我们收集、处理和分析地震数据的能力借助于电子和数字计算机的发展得到迅速提高。几十年前地震图主要是模拟记录。现在除了一些基本的用途外，模拟记录由于其动态范围低、记录系统的时间精度差以及数据处理不方便等因素而很少使用了。     

Survey on germination and species composition of dinoflagellates from ballast tanks and recent sediments in ports on the South Coast of Finland, North-Eastern Baltic Sea

Cyst beds in ships and ports in Finland have previously been unstudied. Therefore, sediments from ships' ballast water tanks and four Finnish ports were sampled for dinoflagellate cysts and other phytoplankton. Untreated sediments were incubated at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C in the local 6 psu salinity for 1, 4 and 7 days, and vegetative cells were examined with light and scanning electron microscope. Sediments were inhabited by various dinoflagellates, diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanophytes and small flagellates. Germinated dinoflagellates were found in 90% of ballast tanks and in all ports. Gymnodiniales spp. and Heterocapsa rotundata formed a major proportion of the proliferating dinoflagellate cells. One species, Peridinium quinquecorne, not previously reported from the Baltic Sea, was identified with SEM. The study emphasises that ships are potential transport vehicles for dinoflagellate cysts even in the low salinity Finnish waters, and small-sized dinoflagellates should be focused upon in ballast water studies.