Juncture of erosion,land use/cover status and hazardous geomorphic processes in central lesser Himalaya

The high relief energy of the central lesser Himalayan terrain of Jaigan watershed would indicate to favour the occurrence of highly active geomorphic processes. Present investigation was based on two watersheds with different juncture of erosion, viz. Ghuniyoli and Santri watershed under youthful and equilibrium state of erosion respectively. The juncture of erosion of these watersheds was assessed under the impact of altitudinal variation as well as the erosion environment of these studied watersheds was evaluated under different land use/cover status. However, the present morphodynamics of Ghuniyoli and Santri watersheds can be considered for the detailed investigation of physical factors including geological situation as well as the cultural factors. The litho-structural set-up completely altered the sequential development of landform. The landscape under the resistant strata had undergone equilibrium (early mature) juncture while vulnerable lithology determined youthful (late) juncture. This occurred due to the active tectonics of the watershed. The existence of thrust along with contact zone of two lithologies created more erosion prone conditions in resistant strata. Land use/cover status when compared with juncture of erosion for the entire watershed also followed the same juncture of erosion. Finally it was observed that the juncture of erosion was reflected in hazardous geomorphic processes too. Landform under youthful juncture caused significant hazardous geomorphic processes in comparison to landform under mature juncture.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium difficile</Emphasis> infection incidence prediction in hospitals (CDIIPH): a predictive model based on decision tree and fuzzy techniques

Several risk factors associated with the increased likelihood of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have been identified in the literature. These risk factors are mainly related to age, previous CDI, antimicrobial exposure, and prior hospitalization. No model is available in the published literature that can be used to predict the CDI incidence using healthcare administration data. However, the administrative data can be imprecise and may challenge the building of classical statistical models. Fuzzy set theory can deal with the imprecision inherent in such data. This research aimed to develop a model based on deterministic and fuzzy mathematical techniques for the prediction of hospital-associated CDI by using the explanatory variables controllable by hospitals and health authority administration. Retrospective data on CDI incidence and other administrative data obtained from 22 hospitals within a regional health authority in British Columbia were used to develop a decision tree (deterministic technique based) and a fuzzy synthetic evaluation model (fuzzy technique based). The decision tree model had a higher prediction accuracy than that of the fuzzy based model. However, among the common results predicted by two models, 72 % were correct. Therefore, this relationship was used to combine their results to increase the precision and the strength of evidence of the prediction. These models were further used to develop an Excel-based tool called C. difficile Infection Incidence Prediction in Hospitals (CDIIPH). The tool can be utilized by health authorities and hospitals to predict the magnitude of CDI incidence in the following quarter.     

40Ar-39Ar age of carbonatite-alkaline magmatism in Sung valley, Meghalaya, India

⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar analyses of one alkali pyroxenite whole rock and two phlogopite separates of calcite carbonatites from the Sung Valley carbonatite-alkaline complex, which is believed to be a part of the Rajmahal-Bengal-Sylhet (RBS) flood basalt province, yielded indistinguishable plateau ages of 108.8 ± 2.0Ma, 106.4 ± 1.3Ma and 107.5 ± 1.4Ma, respectively. The weighted mean of these ages, 107.2 ± 0.8 Ma, is the time of emplacement of this complex. This implies that Sung Valley complex and probably other such complexes in the Assam-Meghalaya Plateau postdate the main flood basalt event (i.e., the eruption of tholeiites) in the RBS province by ∼10Ma.     

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLGY OF THE OPHIOLITE OF INDUS SUTURE ZONE,LADAKH,INDIA:IMPLICATION FOR THE TIMING OF INITIATION OF THE COLLISION

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLGY OF THE OPHIOLITE OF INDUS SUTURE ZONE,LADAKH,INDIA:IMPLICATION FOR THE TIMING OF INITIATION OF THE COLLISION1　BeckRA ,BurbankDW ,etal.Nature,1995,373( 55) . 2　DeweyJF ,etal.EclogaegeolHelv ,1989,82 ( 717) . 3　RowleyDB .EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1996 ,14 5( 1) . 4　SharmaKK .PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth ,1990 ,17. 5　VenketasanTR ,PandeK ,GopalanK .EarthandPlanataryScienceLetters,1993…     

Use of laser range and height texture cues for building identification

Airborne LiDAR has found application in an increasing number of mapping and Geo-data acquisition tasks. Apart from terrain information generation, applications such as automatic detection and modeling of objects like buildings or vegetation for the generation of 3-D city models have been explored. Besides the height itself, height texture defined by local variations of the height is a significant parameter for object recognition. The paper explores the potential of the analysis of height texture as a cue for the automatic detection of objects in LiDAR datasets. A number of texture measures were computed. Based on their definition and computation these measures were used as bands in a classification algorithm, and objects like buildings, single trees, and roads could be recognized.     

Massive configurations with constant densities

Two new classes of solutions with constant observed proper and rest mass densities are described. Unlike the well-known solution of constant coordinate mass density, these solutions pertain to realistic physical situations. For these solutions, the various relevant parameters, viz. the redshifts (dP/d)₀ and binding coefficients have been calculated.     

Numerical treatment of hydromagnetic thermal boundary-layer flow of an infinite porous limiting surface

The finite difference approximation technique using the explicit method is used for solving the unsteady flow of an electrically conducting viscous and incompressible fluid, subjected to a normal homogenous magnetic field. The flow is confined on one side of a non-magnetic infinite limiting surface (wall) which is initially at rest and then is suddenly accelerated in its own plane with a velocity which is a general function of time. The wall is porous and we assume that the Prandtl number of the fluid corresponds to the case of water and that the magnetic Prandtl number is equal to one. Quantitative discussion of the results is presented for the case of uniformly accelerated motion of the wall.     

Longitudinal distribution of the hard X-ray bursts on the Sun

The analysis of 315 hard X-ray bursts (HXR) producing solar flares observed by Hinotori satellite shows that the HXR bursts occur most prominently at 110°, 140°, 290°, and 320° longitude, respectively. These longitudes are not only prolific in producing flares in number but also in producing flares with large photon counts.