Numerical simulation of erosion and deposition at the Thailand Khao Lak coast during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

A case study was conducted for the Thailand Khao Lak coast using a forward numerical model to understand uncertainties associated with interpreting tsunami deposits and relating them to their tsunami sources. We examined possible effects of the characteristics of tsunami source, multiple waves, sediment supply and local land usages. Numerical results showed that tsunami-deposit extent and thickness could be indicative of the slip value in the source earthquake near the surveyed coastal locations, provided that the sediment supply is unlimited and all the deposits are well preserved. Deposit thickness was found to be largely controlled by the local topography and could be easily modified by backwash flows or subsequent tsunami flows. Between deposit extent and deposit thickness, using deposit extent to interpret the characteristics of a tsunami source is preferable. The changing of land usages between two tsunami events could be another important factor that can significantly alter deposit thickness. There is a need to develop inversion models based on tsunami heights and/or run-up data for studying paleotsunamis.     

岩石物理化学性质对泰宁丹霞洞穴的形成制约

泰宁丹霞红层由铁钙质混合胶结的较松散固结红色砂砾岩构成,岩石胶结物中CaCO3含量较高,抗压强度极低、孔隙度和含水性均较高。当岩石遇水湿润或浸泡时,或者生物风化过程中受到各种动植物分泌的有机酸作用,岩石胶结物中CaCO3易溶解流失,促使丹霞红层进一步软弱松散。冬季水结冰之后体积会膨胀,所以岩层表面产生片状裂隙。通过裂隙的毛细管效应,孔隙-裂隙水由岩石内部向结冰的表面扩散,在表面张力作用下水呈表面积最小的球状。春季化冻时岩石沿球形片状裂隙自由剥落的片状风化,圆球形洞穴开始形成,随着四季交替,年复一年,间歇性结冰和融化过程,使得洞穴逐渐扩大,形成泰宁丹霞各种形态的洞穴奇观。     

基于GWR模型的道路网络对森林碳密度干扰的地理变异

以闽江上游地区为例,在分析三明市2007—2016年森林碳密度时空动态的基础上,采用常规的以及改进后的道路网络测度指标,应用缓冲区分析方法和地理加权回归（Geographically Weighted Regression,GWR）模型,从线上和面上分别探讨道路网络对森林碳密度干扰的地理变异规律。结果表明：① 碳密度受到道路网络的较大影响,路网影响域内外碳密度的大小排序为：路网影响域内＜整个研究区＜路网影响域外;多条道路影响域重叠区的碳密度(26.330 Mg/hm²)明显低于单条道路影响域的碳密度(37.406 Mg/hm²);不同等级道路影响域的碳密度由大到小依次为县道＞高速＞省道＞其它道路＞国道＞乡道。道路网络对2007—2016年碳密度的降低也有明显影响。② GWR模型的分析结果表明,路网对碳密度的影响程度随着样点的变化而变化,具有“空间非平稳性”。碳密度随着路网密度的增加而降低,而随着离道路距离的增加而增加。③ 研究区西北部和中部,GWR的回归系数及相关系数均较大,表明这2个区域道路对碳密度影响大且解释力皆较强。     

基于GEE和遥感大数据的1986—2015年全球城镇用地扩张占用水体时空特征

以全球年度城市动态数据（GAUD）和全球地表水动态数据集（GSW）为基础数据,利用Google Earth Engine（GEE）解析了1986—2015年全球城镇用地扩张占用永久性和季节性水体的时空分布特征。研究发现：30 a间全球城镇用地扩张直接占用水体的面积为1 033.2 km²,其中包括季节性水体711.7 km²和永久性水体321.5 km²,呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。亚洲是城镇用地扩张占用水体面积最多的大洲,其次是北美洲和欧洲,占用水体的面积分别为799.4 km²、122.5 km²和61.1 km²。欧洲是唯一以占用永久性水体为主的大洲。陆地面积排名前十的国家中,中国、美国和印度是城镇用地扩张占用水体面积最多的国家,占用水体的面积分别为573.1 km²、109.6 km²和24 km²。以占用永久性水体为主的国家是俄罗斯和阿尔及利亚。尽管世界各国在水资源保护方面做出了巨大努力,但实现联合国可持续发展目标背景下,需防控更多的水体因城镇用地扩张而消失。     

浙江中生代陆缘火山岩金矿成矿系统

浙江地处中国东南沿海大陆边缘火山岩成矿带，已发现众多金（银）矿床（点），它们在空间上往往不是孤立地出现，而是在数十至数百平方公里内围绕岩浆热中心相对集中，并与有色金属在矿田范围内伴生。研究证明，金（银）及有色金属矿床是同一火山—侵入旋回过程中形成的有成因联系的矿床。笔者将这种在同一火山—侵入旋回间，围绕同一个岩浆热中心，在不同深度和水平距离内形成的一系列具有成因联系的金（银）和有色金属矿床的总和称为火山岩金矿成矿系统。本文在此概念基础上，详细论述了浙江中生代陆线火山岩金矿成矿系统的类型。时空结构和物质来源。     

The Seasonal Variabilities in the Concentration of Atmospheric Aerosols over Qingdao, China

Mass concentrations of Total Suspended Particles （TSP） and size-segregated particles were obtained from July 2001 to June 2002 in Qingdao to characterize the seasonal variations of atmospheric aerosols and to show the impact of dust events on the air quality in Qingdao. Data on size-segregated aerosols show that 73.74% of the TSP mass concentration is contributed by particles with diameters less than 11 μm. Particles with diameters less than 1.1μm have a higher concentration during the winter. In spring, larger particles tend to have higher mass concentrations. Bimodal particle size distributions have been observed, with maxima around 4.7-7 μand 0.43-0.65 μm in the winter season, and 7-11 μm and 0.65-1.1 μm in the autumn season. Measurements made during the dust events in March 2002 show high concentrations of particles in the size range 2.1-7μm.     

地分割证在房地产交易中的应用

当前，各地房地产市场活跃，房地产交易日益频繁，房地产价格一路攀升，在房地产交易中，当你用攒了半辈子的钱买了一套新房却长期拿不到土地使用证的时候，当你想进行房地产交易却因“两证”不全暗自焦急的时候，当你为办理各种房产证明不得不四处奔波的时候，就会想有没有一种措施能做到便民、省心呢？     

Analysis of high-resolution spectra of mildly metal-poor stars I. Spectral data and equivalent widths

A number of high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of mildly metal-poor stars were obtained with the coudé echelle spectrograph attached to the 2.16m telescope at Xinglong Observation Base of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The spectra of seven mildly metal-poor stars were processed with the MIDAS software package, and the equivalent widths of their spectral lines were measured. The measured equivalent widths together with an error analysis are presented.     

On the Temporal and Spatial Properties of Elementary Bursts

“Elementary bursts” refer to fine time structures on scales of tens of milli-second to a few seconds in flare radiations. In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial properties of elementary bursts by exploiting high-cadence Hα (100 ms) and hard X-ray (125 – 500 ms) observations of an impulsive flare on March 16, 2000. We find that the time scale of 2 – 3 s is likely an upper limit of the elementary bursts in this event, at which hard X-ray emissions observed by different instruments correlate, low energy (≤30 keV) hard X-rays and Hα flux correlate, and Hα emissions at conjugate flare kernels correlate. From our methods, and also largely limited by instrument resolutions, there is a weak indication of existence of sub-second structures. With the high-resolution Hα data, we also attempt to explore the spatial structure of “elementary bursts” by determining the average spatial displacement of Hα peak emission between successive “elementary bursts” defined from hard X-ray light curves. We find that, at the time scale of 3 s, the smallest spatial scale, as limited by the imaging resolution, is about 0.4″. We discuss these results with respect to mechanisms of fragmented magnetic energy release.