利用尺度空间及多角度地形断面提取山谷山脊线

从数字高程模型中自动提取山脊线和山谷线,在测绘领域有着重要的意义。地形断面高程极值法是其中一种常用的方法,但此方法在提取过程中容易产生遗漏。针对此缺点,本文提出了基于尺度空间及多角度判断的地形断面高程极值法,主要步骤是构建影像金字塔,然后从上到下逐级提取并加密。试验验证了该方法的有效性,提取得到的山谷线或山脊线较为完整,并与实际地形相符合。     

Reversed-polarity structures of chromospheric magnetic field

Reversed-polarity structures of chromospheric magnetic fields are magnetic gulfs and islands of opposite polarity relative to the underlying photospheric fields. In this paper data measured with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope of the Huairou Solar Observing Station in Beijing were analyzed. From more than 300 pairs of photospheric magnetograms (in FeI λ5324.19 Å) and relevant chromospheric magnetograms (Hβ λ4861.34 Å), the reality of the reversed-polarity structures is demonstrated. According to an analysis of the fine structure of the magnetic field in the two layers of active regions, we found that there are probably four different types as follows: Type A: magnetic islands of opposite polarity corresponding to photospheric fields appear in the chromospheric magnetogram. Type B: magnetic gulfs of opposite polarity corresponding to photospheric fields appear in the chromospheric magnetogram. Type C is the reverse of type B. That is, a magnetic gulf of opposite polarity corresponding to the chromospheric field appears in the photospheric magnetogram. Type D is the reverse of type A.     

Excessive greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants by using the chemical oxygen demand standard

Chemical oxygen demand(COD)is widely used as an organic pollution indicator in wastewater treatment plants.Large amounts of organic matter are removed during treatment processes to meet environmental standards,and consequently,substantial greenhouse gases(GHGs)such as methane(CH₄)are released.However,the COD indicator covers a great amount of refractory organic matter that is not a pollutant and could be a potential carbon sink.Here,we collected and analysed COD data from 86 worldwide municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)and applied a model published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to estimate the emission of CH₄ due to recalcitrant organic compound processing in China’s municipal wastewater treatment systems.Our results showed that the average contribution of refractory COD to total COD removal was55%in 86 WWTPs.The amount of CH₄ released from the treatment of recalcitrant organic matter in 2018 could have been as high as 38.22 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,which amounts to the annual carbon sequestered by China’s wetlands.This suggests that the use of COD as an indicator for organic pollution is undue and needs to be revised to reduce the emission of GHG.In fact,leaving nontoxic recalcitrant organic matter in the wastewater may create a significant carbon sink and will save energy during the treatment process,aiming at carbon neutrality in the wastewater treatment industry.     

Mechanisms and climatic-ecological effects of the Great Oxidation Event in the early Proterozoic

Science China Earth Sciences - This paper briefly introduces the conception and research history of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in the early Paleoproterozoic and summarizes the primary...     

沙漠/黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层微量元素特征及其所揭示的古气候变化

通过对沙漠-黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层中20种微量元素的地球化学特征分析,结合年代学资料,探讨了该地区13.0ka B.P.以来的气候环境变化过程。研究表明,微量元素地层分布规律明显,化学成分具有很高地一致性,Cr、Cs、Co、Cu、Mn与I可作为衡量东亚夏季风强度的古气候替代性指标。根据主要微量元素演替所揭示的古气候变化特征,将该地区气候变化可划分为5个阶段:13.0~11.7ka B.P.气候干燥寒冷;11.7~10.0ka B.P.气候略温偏干;10.0~6.4ka B.P.气候温暖湿润;6.4~1.60ka B.P.偏冷干气候恶化期;1.6ka B.P.以来气候继续朝冷干方向发展,并且冷暖干湿交替频繁。通过与黄土、石笋等记录变化对比,发现杨桥畔地区全新世气候演化过程与全球气候环境的变化基本一致。     

基于嫦娥二号CCD数据的核线影像生成方法

对于缺少嫦娥二号激光数据问题,本文提出了基于RPC有理多项式系数(Rational Polynomial Coefficient)的嫦娥二号CCD影像的核线影像生成方法.它利用了嫦娥一号激光高度数据与嫦娥二号CCD影像控制点相结合的方法生成月面控制点,通过月面控制点建立正确的校正公式,获得分辨率较高的正射影像图,并在此基础上提取核线影像.     

含水砂层对堆积体稳定性的影响研究

受复杂地质环境的影响,我国西南岷江上游沿岸普遍发育一种前缘多分布有一层或多层具一定厚度含水砂层的特殊堆积体。大量工程实践表明,工程开挖的扰动可导致砂层出现明显侧向变形,进而导致整个堆积体的失稳破坏。本文采用数值计算的方法,结合某典型堆积体对开挖条件下砂层影响其整体稳定性的作用机理进行了较为深入的分析和探讨。     

慕士塔格冰芯中近百年来细菌数量与气候环境变化的关系

应用流式细胞技术分析了取自青藏高原西部慕士塔格冰川73m冰芯上部56.27m中细菌的数量变化,在1907~2000年的93年中,细菌年平均数在0.66×103ml(1982年)至6.91×103个/ml(1912年)之间变化,平均2.59×103个/ml。细菌数量的变化可分为10个不同的阶段,其中6个高峰期和4个低峰期,分别与氧同位素所反映的高温和低温期有较好的对应。冰芯中细菌数量除温度影响外,还受人类活动和陆源粉尘的影响。慕士塔格冰芯中细菌的数量远低于位于高原中部的各拉丹冬冰芯中细菌的数量,且慕士塔格冰芯中细菌数量受陆源粉尘的影响也小于各拉丹冬冰芯,可能是因为慕士塔格冰芯所处荒漠带植物稀少和土壤中细菌数量少所致,慕士塔格和各拉丹冬冰芯中细菌数量的不同反映了冰芯细菌对所处的不同生态环境的响应。