A re-investigation of the bloom-forming unarmored dinoflagellate Karenia longicanalis (syn. Karenia umbella ) from Chinese coastal waters

The dinoflagellate genus K arenia is known for recurrent harmful blooms worldwide. However, species diversity of the genus is generally overlooked owing to the difficulty of identifying small unarmored dinoflagellates. We have established four clonal cultures of K arenia longicanalis isolated from the type locality, Hong Kong harbor(strain HK01) and other three locations along the Chinese coasts(strains YB01, DT01, and NJ01). The morphology of the strain was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy(LM and SEM) and the pigment composition analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We provide the first molecular data of K. longicanalis based on the large subunit(LSU) rRNA gene sequence and internal transcribed spacer(ITS). The four strains showed identical LSU rDNA sequences with a similarity of 99.4% to the holotype of K arenia umbella(strain KUTN05) from Australia. In the ITS phylogeny, the sequence of K. umbella branched between the Chinese strains of K. longicanalis. A careful comparison of the morphology of K. longicanalis and K. umbella reveals the similarity in the diagnostic characters. Diff erences may appear due to the sample treatment for SEM. We conclude that K. umbella is a junior synonym of K. longicanalis.     

气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性研究与展望

论述了气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性概念、内涵及其与适应性管理的联系;综述了水资源脆弱性定量评估方法,包括指标权重法、函数及综合指标法等;介绍了减少水资源脆弱性的适应对策研究。分析表明,联系水资源供需矛盾的水资源脆弱性既有自然变化脆弱性的一面,又有气候变化影响导致水资源供需关系发生变化以及旱涝灾害影响加剧水资源脆弱性的问题。关键是要识别影响水资源脆弱性变化的主要调控变量,通过应对气候变化的适应性对策研究,最大限度地减少水资源脆弱性。未来气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性研究,将在进一步发展脆弱性影响与评估基础上,逐步转到适应性水资源管理与对策的研究。     

CMIP6情景中主要温室气体和气溶胶排放强度的时空分布特征分析

基于不同共享社会经济路径（Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSPs）形成的8组最新的未来可能情景（SSPx-y情景）,被用于第六次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）,以据此来预估未来气候变化的可能幅度和趋势。本文主要对比分析了8组SSPx-y新情景中主要温室气体和气溶胶排放数据的基准年排放强度分布、未来排放强度的时空变化、以及在6个典型区域排放强度的逐年变化等特征。结果表明:二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）、黑碳（BC）、二氧化硫（SO₂）在基准年的排放强度高值区都位于东亚和南亚。相比于基准年,2100年CO₂和CH₄在高和低辐射强迫情景下表现出的排放强度变化有显著差异。此外,所有情景下2100年的BC和SO₂全球平均排放强度都弱于基准年的排放强度。在时间变化上,随着生物质能碳捕获与封存技术的不断进步,所有地区在4组不超过3.4 W/m2的低辐射强迫情景下,CO₂排放强度到2100年都呈现负值。其中,南美洲的负排放最强,2100年在SSP5-3.4情景下该地区的排放强度为－0.3 kg m－2 a－1。最后,对比东亚和南亚排放强度的逐年变化可以发现,在各情景所描述的未来发展过程中,东亚的减排行动的成效都要好于南亚。     

天山山区与南北疆夏季温度变化对比分析

利用新疆1959～2000年夏季温度资料,采用滑动平均、最大熵谱、经验正交、线性回归方法,分析天山山区近42年来夏季温度变化的基本特征,并与南疆、北疆进行比较。结果表明：①天山山区在夏季温度的冷暖变化阶段以及最炎热、最凉爽年出现的年份与南疆和北疆不同;②夏季温度空间分布的同向性变化北疆最大,天山山区居中,南疆最小;夏季温度空间反向变化南疆和天山山区较大,北疆较小;③夏季温度的年代际变化趋势不同,天山山区持续增温,北疆波动增温,南疆变化稳定;④三种夏季增温的覆盖范围以最低温度为最广,其增温率天山山区最大,南疆最小,北疆居中。     

2008年初南方雨雪冰冻天气的环流场与多尺度特征

主要对2008年初我国南方的雨雪冰冻灾害天气的环流场与多尺度特征作了分析研究。结果表明：1）大气环流持续异常,中高纬阻塞高压位于西西伯利亚长达20余天,副热带高压偏西偏北。在阻高与副高之间有一横槽维持,这种形势十分有利于冷空气从北方入侵。2）环流系统较为深厚。不但在500 hPa,即使在200 hPa上也有很明显的经向环流发展,同样有阻高维持,温度槽明显落后于高度槽,有利于横槽的发展与维持。3）西风带南支槽稳定维持且十分活跃,将大量水汽输送至中国大陆尤其是南方地区。北方的干冷空气与南方的暖湿空气交绥,出现了明显的中低纬系统的相互作用。4）一条准静止锋长期稳定维持于长江流域,是雨雪冰冻天气的重要影响系统,这在冬季并不多见。5）贵州和湖南地区,低层浅薄的冷空气垫与其上的暖湿空气形成了特有结构——逆温层,并有暖鼻配合,有利于冻雨出现。由于涉及云微物理、微气象学等诸多影响,冻雨区的分布带有一定的局地性特征,因而,对其的精确预报尚需作更多的研究。6）在上述研究基础上,本文提出了一个多尺度系统持续性的雨雪、冰冻天气物理模型。     

A Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Tropical Western Pacific SST Anomalies on the Decadal Shift of the Meiyu Belt

The sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical western Pacific Ocean (TWPO) showed a pronounced warming in the late 1990s. Using numerical experiments of a regional climate model (RegCM), we analyzed the impact of this warming on rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley of China during the Meiyu period (June-July). The model results revealed that the observed decadal changes in Meiyu rainfall since the late 1990s can be reproduced by a control experiment forced by the observed SST. Additionally, the sensitivity experiments suggested that the warming trend in the TWPO played a substantial role in the northward shift of the Meiyu belt in the late 1990s.     

基于网格数据的内蒙古决策气象服务技术研究与实现

智能网格气象产品包括智能网格预报和cldasV2.0实况分析产品,将智能网格气象产品应用于决策气象服务,可提高内蒙古决策气象服务精细化水平。利用智能网格产品建立内蒙古地区决策气象服务敏感性分析启动阈值,采用动态数据库sql语句对智能网格格点预报数据和格点实况数据进行检测,当检测达到阈值后,自动启动制作决策气象服务材料。基于WebGis的Openlayers技术实现智能网格格点气象要素数据可视化动态展示和图形下载,根据需求设计自治区、盟市、旗县三级不同层级色斑图和格点图下载及预报图和实况图的自动生成；采用Postgres分布式集群数据库快速统计方法实现cldas2.0实况数据统计、计算和查询。     

离岸风背景下风暴潮异常增水特征分析

渤海湾在8月份出现由温带气旋引发高达518 cm的风暴潮属小概率事件。作者应用天气图、卫星云图、自动站观测资料及天津海洋局潮位资料,对2008年8月天津港发生的两次风暴潮异常增水过程进行了特征分析,得到气象因子对风暴潮的影响关系,为预报风暴潮提供依据;进一步探讨了在离岸风即西北风作用下产生风暴增水的条件和机制。结果表明,温带风暴潮过程增水强度大(最大增水121 cm)且持续时间长(达15小时);分析了气旋增水不同于台风增水的特点,并应用半封闭浅海湾中开尔文波传播理论分析了风暴潮产生的原因。     

关于国外地籍数据标准化建设的现状

地籍数据标准化是推动地籍数据共享的重要基础, 本文分析了国外地籍数据标准化的建设过程和地籍数据标准的内容, 对制定我国地籍数据标准规范提出建议.     

The role of biocrusts in nitrogen cycling on the tropical reef islands,South China Sea

Harboring polyextremotolerant microbial topsoil communities, biological soil crusts(biocrusts) occur across various climatic zones, and have been well studied in the terrestrial drylands. However, little is known about the functional metabolic potential of microbial communities involved in the biogeochemical processes during the early succession of biocrusts on the tropical reef islands. We collected 26 biocrusts and bare soil samples from the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, and applied a functional gene array(GeoChip 5.0) to reveal nitrogen(N)cycling processes involved in these samples. Both physicochemical measurement and enzyme activity assay were utilized to characterize the soil properties. Results revealed the composition of N-cycling functional genes in biocrusts was distinct from that in bare soil. Additionally, microorganisms in biocrusts showed lower functional potential related to ammonification, denitrification, N assimilation, nitrification, N fixation, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium compared to bare soils. Although the abundance of nifH gene was lower in biocrusts, nitrogenase activity was significantly higher compared to that in bare soils. Precipitation, soil physicochemical properties(i.e., soil available copper, soil ammonia N and pH) and soil biological properties(i.e., β-glucosidase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, alkaline protease, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and chlorophyll a) correlated to the N-cycling functional genes structure. Nitrate N and ammonia N were more abundant in biocrusts than bare soil, while pH value was higher in bare soil. Our results suggested biocrusts play an important role in N-cycling in coral sand soil, and will be helpful in understanding the development and ecological functions of biocrusts on tropical reef islands.