三亚湾网采浮游植物群落结构特征分析

2004年对三亚湾进行4个航次网采浮游植物调查,分析了其种类组成、丰度、优势种、多样性及群落结构的季节和平面分布特征,讨论了浮游植物与营养盐等环境因子的关系。共鉴定出网采浮游植物67属169种,丰度范围为6.48×104—165×104cells.m-3,平均值为87.59×104cells.m-3。其中硅藻种数和细胞丰度都占绝对优势。三亚湾浮游植物多样性较高,丰度的季节变化为双峰型,春、秋季高,冬、夏季低;丰度平面分布特征呈现由北部沿岸向南部外海递减的趋势。     

惯性导航与卫星导航紧耦合技术发展现状

对紧耦合方案、最优估计滤波算法和硬件开发等几方面进行了总结分析。分析了传统的INS／GPS松组合系统和INS／GPS紧耦合系统的区别;给出了INS／GPS紧耦合系统国内外的发展状况;指出INS／GPS紧耦合系统所涉及的关键技术。     

Partitioning of the grain-size components of Dali Lake core sediments: evidence for lake-level changes during the Holocene

We recovered a sediment core (DL04) from the depocenter of Dali Lake in central-eastern Inner Mongolia. The upper 8.5 m were analyzed at 1-cm intervals for grain-size distribution to partition the grain-size components and provide a high-resolution proxy record of Holocene lake level changes. Partitioning of three to six components, C1, C2, C3 through C6 from fine to coarse modes within the individual polymodal distributions, into overlapping lognormal distributions, was accomplished utilizing the method of lognormal distribution function fitting. Genetic analyses of the grain-size components suggest that two major components, C2 and C3, interpreted as offshore-suspension fine and medium-to-coarse silt, can serve as sediment proxies for past changes in the level of Dali Lake. Lower modal sizes of both C2 and C3 and greater C3 and lower C2 percentages reflect higher lake stands. The proxy data from DL04 core sediments span the last 12,000 years and indicate that Dali Lake experienced five stages during the Holocene. During the interval ca. 11,500–9,800 cal year BP, lake level was unstable, with drastic rises and falls. Following that interval, the lake level was marked by high stands between ca. 9,800 and 7,100 cal year BP. During the period from ca. 7,100 to 3,650 cal year BP, lake level maintained generally low stands, but displayed a slight tendency to rise. Subsequently, the lake level continued rising, but exhibited high-frequency, high-amplitude fluctuations until ca. 1,800 cal years ago. Since ca. 1,800 cal year BP, the lake has displayed a gradual lowering trend with frequent fluctuations.     

Grain-size distribution characteristics of red sandy sediments in Dongjiang River valley, southern Nanling Mountains, during the MIS2 stage

Layer LJ3 of Linjiang stratigraphic section in Dongjiang River valley in the south of the Nanling Mountains is a set of red sandy sediments.Measured by thermoluminescence(TL) dating,it was found to be formed in MIS2-9,500 ± 800 yr to 19,600 ± 1,800 yr B.P.After analy-sis of the grain sizes of the 16 samples(LJ3-100 to LJ3-85) in this layer,it was discovered that(1) The contents of each grain group in dif-ferent samples are similar.(2) The values of Md,Mz,,Sk,and Kg vary from LJ3-100 to LJ3-85 in a narrow range.(3) The segments of each sample in the accumulative curves extend parallel with similar slopes.All the three aspects reveal the Aeolian characteristics of Layer LJ3.Therefore,it is thought that Layer LJ3 consists of red sandy sediments formed in MIS2 in the south of Nanling Mountain,which reflects the arid climate at that time.     

基于独立分量分析的多次波盲分离方法研究

独立分量分析是一种以高阶统计量为基础的信号处理方法,它以分离非高斯混合信号为目标,建立起各个分量的统计独立性判据.在传统方法中,多次波压制技术是基于二阶统计量,求得最优解得基本前提是一次波和多次波正交.本文将ICA应用于多次波问题,在对地震数据基本构成作了分析的基础上,建立起多次波盲分离的ICA模型,并对其假设条件和固有不确定问题进行了详细的研究分析,然后给出了基于负熵的快速ICA算法并加以改进,最后进行仿真实验.试验结果表明,该方法能有效地压制地震资料中的多次波信息,较好的恢复一次波信息.     

Response of runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensitivity analysis

Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959-2008. The result indicates that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50 years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff- producing area obviously decreases and the annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly.     

腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘迎风坡风速变化的初步研究

对腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘表面气流的观测结果表明,迎风坡风速的增加程度因坡成形态和原始气流的方向,强度而不同。迎风坡风速放大率介于１．０６～１．９１之间,且在格状沙丘主梁,主要与坡形系数和高度有关;在副梁随原始风入射角,坡形系数而变化,风速放大率对沙丘形态的影响主一要增加丘顶区域的输沙率和活动性,且因区域气流的方向和强度而不同,在横向气流条件下,其迎风坡随区域气流强度和增加而变缓,变长,在双向（斜     

巴丹吉林沙漠北部风沙地貌形态类型的分区研究

在研究区内选取具有典型形态类型沙丘的8个样区N₁~N₈,通过统计和研究样区内各种形态的沙丘可以看出,研究区内由西北向东南沙丘的排列顺序出现沙丘由简单形态的沙垄和新月形沙丘到复杂形态的复合型沙山最后达到成熟的星状沙丘。由此着重探讨了研究区内由西北-东南方向沙丘的形成演化特征,以沙丘的空间分布序列来反映沙丘形成的时间序列这样一种时空替代的序列,因而能直观地分析和研究沙丘形成发育的整个发展过程,表明西北部沙漠年轻,东南部沙漠较老。     

Morphodynamic study of reticulate dunes at southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert

Reticulate dunes are one of the commonest dune types, and yet the least understood. Reticulate dunes at southeastern Tengger Desert are constituted by NE-SW trending primary ridges and nearly vertical secondary ridges. The result of field work studying the morphodynamics and formation mechanism for reticulate dunes in this area shows that the primary ridges were formed by dominant northwest wind and the secondary ridges developed and maintained by alternating dominant wind and subdominant northeast wind on the basis of the primary ridges. Viewed from morphodynamics, reticulate dunes correspond to the complex transverse dune on which the longitudinal element superimposed. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. NSFC-49501001).     

基于线性材料力学模型的海岸岬湾形态特征研究

具有岬湾形态的海岸一般具有良好的稳定性,是海岸侵蚀修复中经常使用的岸线形态,而岬湾形态特征与海岸水动力之间的确切关系还没有形成量化的描述。本研究定义了海岸岬湾形态特征的基本参数,基于历史卫星影像的解译,采用比拟、统计的研究方法,统计了全球240个岬湾的平面形态特征参数,分析得出：（1）岬控比（K）的值介于1.2至1.8之间,平均值为1.41,方差为0.02,标准差为0.16;（2）凸出度（ρ）的值介于0.2至0.51之间,平均值为0.34,方差为0.01,标准差为0.08;（3）根据弧形岸线形态和波浪绕射的不同,将自然海岸岬湾形态分为切线夹曲线型、曲线连切线型和曲线夹切线型3类。采用数值模拟,将线性材料受力变形的过程比拟于岬湾海岸线受水动力作用达到静态平衡过程,以线性材料为媒介,初步探究了岬湾平面形态与波浪之间的关系,对海岸线的预测、修复和保护海岸具有应用前景。