时间跨度对GPS坐标时间序列噪声模型估计影响分析

文中介绍GPS坐标时间序列模型,并给出GPS噪声模型种类、估计方法及最佳噪声模型评价准则。选取来自IGS08的24个IGS核心站的时间序列作为数据基础,对不同时间跨度的时间序列噪声模型进行定量分析,探讨其随着时间变化的演化规律。结果表明:当时间序列长度较短时,噪声模型的不确定性较大,而12.5a以上时间跨度的噪声模型趋于稳定且主要表现为闪烁噪声加白噪声的组合噪声模型;大跨度时间序列中噪声的长周期分量变得显著。     

Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert,Northwest China

Study is made on a 45 km-long artificial ecosystem without irrigation in Tengger desert on the basis of long-term ecological monitoring and ecohydrological fundamentals.Changes in water allocation, utilization, cycle and balance patterns in more than 40-year evolution of the soil-plant system are analyzed. The formation of a drought horizon in shrub rhizosphere and its effect, ecohydrological function of the crust and its effect on the soil-plant system change are discussed. Driven by water self-regulation and water stress, the soil-plant system is going to develop towards the steppe desert to ensure more effective use and optimum collocation of water resource.     

The Geochemical Significance of Deep-water Coral and Their Food Source

Deep-sea corals live in the dark cold-water environments, the food of which that provides them with energy and nutrition is a key ecological and biogeochemical problem. Currently, the most common understanding is that their food mainly comes from organic matter produced by and deposited from surface seawater. However, more and more studies have found that they can also obtain food supply through symbiosis with a variety of chemosynthetic autotrophs and heterotrophs. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes have been used to trace and reveal the food sources of deep-sea corals. They also have been successfully used to reconstruct the phytoplankton community structure and the changes of nitrate isotopes in surface seawater in the past, thus providing valuable biogeochemical data for paleoceanographic study. However, due to the widespread existence of symbiosis with chemosynthetic autotrophs, further studies are needed to assess the reliability of organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes of deep-sea corals to reflect changes in the surface seawater. The deep-sea gorgonian coral, like those gorgonian forests recently found in the South China Sea, is relatively new and insufficiently studied in the field of deep-sea corals. Thus, basic biochemical and paleoceanographic researches on the South China Sea deep-water gorgonians will provide profound and novel insights to understanding the cold-water coral system.     

祁连山哈拉湖地区奥陶纪岛弧火山岩及其构造意义

通过1∶5万区域地质调查,对祁连山哈拉湖地区火山岩进行了野外地质、岩石学、锆石U-Pb同位素年龄、地球化学等研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,该火山岩年龄为466.3±2.4Ma(n=9,MSWD=1.4),形成于中奥陶世。岩石地球化学研究表明,哈拉湖地区火山岩为低钾拉斑玄武系列,绝大多数样品的亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ce、Zr、Nd和稀土元素La、Sm富集明显;高场强元素(Sr、P、Ti)强烈亏损,Zr、Hf微弱富集,Ba明显亏损。总的特征显示,少数火山岩具有过渡型洋脊玄武岩的特征,大多数火山岩样品显示岛弧火山岩的特征。此外,哈拉湖地区的岛弧火山岩与晚奥陶世的岛弧花岗岩伴生在一起。这些特征表明,与俯冲有关的奥陶纪岛弧岩石可能与拉脊山地区古大洋的闭合有关。     

中国东南沿海地区PWV直接转换模型研究

针对东南沿海地区GNSS大气可降水量(PWV)计算过程参数多、数据量大、效率不高且易产生累积误差等问题,本文基于中国东南沿海地区2017~2018年18个CORS站的GNSS数据,分析GNSS-PWV与对流层延迟(ZTD)、地面气温(T_s)和地面大气压(P_s)之间的线性关系,并利用多元线性拟合方法建立多因子GNSS-PWV直接转换模型,为研究区提供简捷高效的PWV计算方法。结果表明,GNSS-PWV与ZTD、P_s和T_s之间具有良好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.98、－0.65和0.78;基于ZTD、P_s和T_s的多因子PWV模型RMS为0.33 mm,精度最高,明显优于基于ZTD的单因子PWV模型（4.66 mm）,而基于ZTD和P_s的双因子PWV模型RMS为0.50 mm。     

西北干旱区土壤资源特征与可持续发展

分析了干旱区主要土壤类型、分布规律,土壤的理化性状、养分特征以及在盐碱化、沙化和灌耕条件下的变化,并论证了干旱区土壤资源的基本特征对区域可持续发展的影响。认为干旱区土壤分布具明显的空间垂直地带性及径向分布规律。极端干旱条件下的暖温带棕漠土的资源性能最差,其他土壤的资源性能排序依次为灰棕漠土<灰漠土<灰钙土(棕钙土)<灌耕土<草甸土类。土壤资源性能在灌耕、风沙及盐碱化条件下发生显著变化,在干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤多数具有显著的中深部盐化表现和易于沙化的条件。干旱区可持续发展依赖于绿洲灌耕土壤资源的稳定发展、高生产力水平及可持续利用,在明确土壤资源特性与分布规律的基础上,土壤资源的合理利用与保护及其与生态环境的可持续协调是关键问题。     

A model for simulating the response of runoff from the mountainous watersheds of inland river basins in the arid area of northwest China to climatic changes

The subaerial tidal sand area in the northern Jiangsu Province (Subei), stretching from Dongtai towards east with a fan shape, is an early developing stage of radial sand ridges distributed in the South Yellow Sea. Since 5000–6000 a BP, after the Holocene transgression maximum in the northern Jiangsu Province, subaqueous tidal sand bodies were exposed and changed into land gradually. The environmental magnetism analysis shows that subaerial tidal sand strata are formed by the convergent-divergent paleo-tidal current field. The sediment source of tidal sand strata came early from the Changjiang River and late from the Yellow River. Sea floor erosion by tidal currents also served as an important sand source. Drilling cores and ground-penetrating profile show that there exists no probability of sand supplying directly by a large river through the apical area of tidal sand ridges either on land or in the sea. Fluvial deposits supplied the tidal sand bodies by alongshore transportation, which corresponds to the conclusions obtained by the analyses of provenance and paleocurrent field. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 43236120 and 49676288).     

Constitutive theories on viscoelastoplasticity and damage of frozen soil

The constitutive theory on the viscoelastoplasticity and damage of frozen soil is based on the continuous mechanics and thermodynamics. The basic principles of the theory, dissipation potential function and damage model are presented. The constitutive theory explains the mechanical properties of frozen soils under complicated stresses, especially under high confining pressures which make frozen soil harden and soften. The agreement between the calculated results by the constitutive theory and the experimental results of triaxial creep of frozen soil is seen to be very good.     

基于新《电力设施抗震设计规范》的地震动随机模型参数研究

根据新《电力设施抗震设计规范》(GB50260-2013)对随机地震动功率谱参数的取值进行分析。介绍新《电力设施抗震设计规范》中设计反应谱,推导设计谱到功率谱的转换过程。选取常用的Clough-Penzien修正过滤白噪声模型作为拟合函数,通过功率谱参数拟合,得到不同场地类别、不同抗震设防烈度下的地震动模型参数。该研究成果可为电力工程抗震设计分析提供参考。