Origins of groundwater inferred from isotopic patterns of the Badain Jaran Desert, northwestern China

There are many viewpoints about the sources of groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert (BJD), such as precipitation and snowmelt from the Qilian Mountains (the upper reaches [UR] of the Heihe River Basin [HRB]) and precipitation from the BJD and the Yabulai Mountains. To understand the source of the groundwater of the BJD and their possible associations with nearby bodies of water, we analyzed variations of stable isotope ratios (δD and δ(18) O) and the deuterium excess (d-excess) of groundwater and precipitation in the BJD, of groundwater, precipitation, river and spring water in the UR, and of groundwater and river water in the middle and lower reaches (MR and LR) of the HRB. In addition, the climatic condition under which the groundwater was formed in the BJD was also discussed. We found obvious differences in δD, δ(18) O, and d-excess among groundwater in the BJD, nearby water bodies and the HRB. The groundwater δD-δ(18) O equation for the BJD was δD = 4.509δ(18) O-30.620, with a slope and intercept similar to that of nearby areas (4.856 and -29.574), indicating a strong evaporation effect in the BJD and its surrounding areas. The equation's slope of the BJD was significantly lower than those of HRB groundwater (6.634), HRB river water (6.202), precipitation in the BJD and Youqi (7.841), and the UR of the HRB (7.839). The d-excess (-17.5‰) of the BJD was significantly lower than those of nearby groundwater (-7.4‰), HRB groundwater (12.1‰), precipitation in the BJD (5.7‰) and in the UR of the HRB (15.2‰), and HRB river water (14.4‰). The spatial patterns of δ(18) O and d-excess values in the BJD suggest mixing and exchange of groundwater between the BJD and neighboring regions, but no hydraulic relationship between the BJD groundwater and water from more distant regions except Outer Mongolia, which is north of the BJD. Moreover, we conclude that there is little precipitation recharge to groundwater because of the obvious d-excess difference between groundwater and local precipitation, low precipitation, and high evaporation rates. The abnormally negative d-excess values in groundwater of the BJD indicate that this water was formed in the past under higher relative humidity and lower temperatures than modern values.     

河西走廊地区路基阴阳坡效应及合理高度分析

河西走廊是丝绸之路的咽喉,区域内季节冻土路基的稳定性对亚欧大陆运输通道有重要影响。以张掖地区季节冻土路基为例,基于传热学及弹塑性变形理论探讨了路基在阴阳坡效应下的地温和变形分布;通过比较路基最大冻结深度到地下水位的距离与毛细水最大上升高度,得到河西走廊地区路基合理高度的确定方法及拟合公式,来表示其与地下水位以及年平均气温的相互关系。结果表明：张掖地区路基阴阳坡效应明显,阴坡冻结时间比阳坡长2个月;1月阴阳坡的温差最大,达到3℃;2月,路基的竖向最大位移达到26 mm,横向位移差达到6 mm;路基合理高度随年平均气温的升高而逐渐降低,随地下水位的增加而逐渐变大,其随年平均气温的变化幅度小于地下水。该研究可定性分析路基合理高度与年平均气温、地下水位的关系,为河西走廊地区定量计算路基高度提供理论参考。     

空间钢网架结构力学性能的试验研究

当前有关空间钢网架结构安全性能的检测试验资料明显不足。文中以某实际空间钢网架结构为研究对象,对其进行了较系统的静动力试验和有限元分析。试验测试时将网架区划为9个带状单元,在每个单元的最大挠度位置进行了逐级加载的静力试验和0 kN、40kN两种配重条件下网架整体结构的振动测试,获得了表征网架变形性能的刚度值和网架前三阶竖向弯曲振动频率,依据试验结果对该网架的力学特点进行了分析。由于理论简化与实际工程的差别,导致有限元分析结果与实测结果误差较大,但有限元分析结果可用于试验模态的辅助判断。文中对网架试验的单元区划、数据采集方法和试验数据的处理过程均作了详细说明,可为网架结构检测试验法的深入研究提供参考。     

Distribution and expression in vitro and in vivo of DNA vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus in Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

Lymphocystis disease,caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV),is a significant worldwide problem in fish industry causing substantial economic losses.In this study,we aimed to develop the DNA vaccine against LCDV,using DNA vaccination technology.We evaluated plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3 kb as a DNA vaccine candidate.The plasmid DNA was transiently expressed after liposome transfection into the eukaryotic COS 7 cell line.The distribution and expression of the DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3kb) were also ana...     

Exposed Sunda Shelf During the Glacial Times: An Important Component of the Terrestrial Carbon Reservoir?

The glacial-interglacial carbon cycle is a complex scientific issue of the earth system. Although many progresses have been made, it is still far from being solved. Among others, an important limiting factor is the great uncertainty in the carbon stock in the terrestrial carbon reservoir. The present Sunda Islands are one of the three tropical forest areas with most abundant terrestrial carbon biomass and contribute greatly to the global terrestrial carbon reservoir. During the glacial low stands, the adjacent Sunda Shelf was exposed and led to a doubled land area. The scenario of terrestrial vegetation, which is not well understood, on the exposed land is probably a key factor to the global carbon cycle. Thus, a comprehensive paleoclimate and paleoecology study for the area is appealed, which may provide key data to quantitative analysis and modelling of the global glacial-interglacial carbon cycles.     

Characterization of shallow karst using electrical resistivity imaging in a limestone mining area

The Guangxi area is famous for its high degree of karstification due to a long period of groundwater erosion and the development of fracture networks. Karst collapse appeared during the mining process and caused many environmental problems. Applying electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is the most cost-effective method to study the characteristic of the subsurface karst environment. In this area, more than 24 km of ERI profiles around a mining area is carried out to present the development of karst which will be used to evaluate the effects on the ground water and the surrounding environment. The area represents a classical limestone rock which is of high quality and is used for cement production. In this study, the ERI is used to determine the geometry of the karst range at depth. The results are in good agreement with drilling experiments. The ERI survey provided near-surface resistivity information, which is very useful for establishing the geometry and the position of potential karst.     

沂沭断裂带构造活动与胶东金矿形成关系之探讨

在对沂沭断裂带基本特征、形成演化与动力学特征进行论述的基础上,将与沂沭断裂带相匹配的一系列次级断裂构造统一划分为沂沭断裂带的羽状断裂系统。研究表明沂沭断裂带经历了大规模的左行平移、伸展、拉张及挤压作用,形成了以堑垒构造、盆岭构造、羽状构造系统及大陆边缘花岗岩系为特征的完整构造体系,与之同时伴生形成的胶东地区次级羽状构造系统,既是沂沭断裂带的次级断裂构造,又自成体系,是胶东地区的控矿容矿构造,它们的形成演化受沂沭断裂带的运动学特征和力学特征制约,整体上服从于沂沭断裂带的运动学机制,但又有各自的演化特征和力学特点,是胶东地区金矿形成的赋存场所。沂沭断裂带对胶东金矿的重要成矿贡献在于它不仅提供了幔源的物质来源     

GPS坐标时间序列中地表环境负载效应区域特征分析

选取全球417个IGS测站2000~2012年环境负载数据分析非潮汐海洋、大气、积雪和土壤湿度等负载对GPS测站时间序列位移的影响以及与测站地理位置之间的联系。研究表明,大气压力对GPS时间序列位移的影响最大,U方向最大达到20 mm,积雪负载的影响最小。4种负载对GPS时间序列高程方向的影响可达cm级,且大气及非潮汐海洋负载呈现显著的区域性特征。     

遥感影像变化检测方法的比较——以堰塞湖灾害点为例

一个对象（现象）在不同的时间发生的变化存在着一定的相关性,利用光谱和空间相关性信息提取出地物发生变化的方法──基于邻域相关性图（NCIs）和基于交互相关性分析（CCA）的变化检测方法分别取得了不错的效果。为了探究这两种方法在土地覆盖变化检测中的适用性,对其进行应用并评价。以堰塞湖灾害点为试验区,选取了同一年份的两期高分一号卫星影像,对比了监督的基于NCIs的方法和监督的分类后比较法及非监督的基于CCA的方法和非监督的分类后比较法。结果表明：基于NCIs的方法在邻域半径等于3像素时,总体精度最大,为93.05%,比监督的分类后比较法（采用支持向量机分类器,总体精度为93.03%）稍好,但其受邻域半径的制约较大;基于CCA的方法在阈值等于20像素时,总体精度最高,为93.95%,比非监督的分类后比较法（采用ISODATA分类器,总体精度为90.52%）好,但不足在于需要经验判断并试验求取最佳阈值,以及需要已知前一个时相的地表真实值。     

钙结岩型铀矿勘查中活性炭吸附测氡方法应用——以纳米比亚欢乐谷南部地区为例

在纳米比亚欢乐谷南部地区开展的活性炭吸附测氡方法应用试验结果显示,氡异常能够较好地反映隐伏钙结岩型铀矿化信息,而且铀矿体上方土壤中的氡浓度随深度增大的变化率要明显大于无矿地段,前者为后者的5~16倍。在测区的西南部圈定了一处面积约为5km2的氡异常,经地质探槽揭露,伽马能谱当量U含量高达500×10-6,并在探槽内发现了次生铀矿物,推断此处氡异常是由钙结岩型铀矿化引起的,为进一步的地质找矿工作提供了有价值的线索。