The secular variation of inner zone high energy proton environment in the SAA

The main portion of the inner radiation belt en-countered by spacecraft in low-Earth orbits (LEOs) is concentrated over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) where satellites observed the highest particle flux. The anomaly arises from the Earth’s magnetic field being less intense in the region centered near the east of the Atlantic coast of South America. The trapped radiation belt particles therefore have their lowest mirroring altitudes over the center region of the SAA. Drift shells in t…     

Black band disease as a possible factor of the coral decline at the northern reef-flat of Yongxing Island,South China Sea

Black band disease(BBD),characterized by the Cyanobacterial dominated pathogenic consortium,is thought to play a key role in the global decline of the coral reef ecosystems.The present paper originally documents a case of BBD from Yongxing Island(Xisha Islands,South China Sea),and further probes the reasons of this abnormal phenomenon.Prior to 2007,corals at northern reef-flat of Yongxing Isand were in healthy growth.Catastrophic coral mortality occurred between 2007 and 2008.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PCR amplification,with universally conserved primers,were applied to detect the contagious bacterial community of the microbial mat.The results demonstrated that six bacterial divisions constituted the clone libraries derived from the BBD mat,and that Cyanobacteria are the most diversely represented group that inhabit BBD bacterial mats,despite the fact that species in five others divisions(α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria) are also consistently diverse within the BBD mats of diseased coral.Other factors such as coral bleaching,typhoons,ocean acidification and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks,are not primarily responsible for the coral mortality within such a short time interval.The disaster expansion of BBD associated with Cyanobacterial blooms is a more likely mechanism impacting these coral reefs.Excessive human activity enhances the eutrophication of the marine water of the reefal region and may result in occurrence of the BBD.     

Composition and exhalation flux of gases from mud volcanoes in Taiwan

Many mud volcanoes are distributed along the tectonic sutures in southern Taiwan and can be divided into five zones based on their relative positions in different tectonic domains. Most active mud volcanoes are exhaling methane-dominated gases. Nevertheless, some gases show unusual carbon dioxide-dominated and/or nitrogen-excess compositions. This implies that there are multiple sources for the gas compositions of mud volcanoes in Taiwan.For better understanding the total amount of exhalation gases and its flux, the gas flow and compositions were continuously measured in the interval of two minutes at Chung-lun (CL) bubbling mud pool for a few months. The major compositions of gases exhaling from this site were 75~90% of CO₂ and 5~12% of CH₄. The amount of gases exhaling from the mud pool can be estimated to be about 1.4 ton/year for CH₄ and 28 ton/year for CO₂, respectively. The preliminary results of exhaling gas flux from the major vents of representative active mud volcanoes, yielded an estimated total CH₄ output of the mud volcanoes in Taiwan of ca. 29 ton/year during quiescent period.     

Progress in Danube Loess and Paleoenvironment Study

Danube loess, located at the westernmost part of the widespread Eurasian loess belt, is one of the most well-preserved aeolian dust deposits in Europe with the basal age dating back over 1 Ma. Owing to its unique location and formation processes, Danube loess plays an important role in understanding the linkage of climate changes in different climate regimes over Eurasian continent and paleoclimatic changes in middle-high northern latitudes. Major research advances of the Danube loess, including compositions, provenance, chronology, stratigraphy and paleoenvironment changes were systematically reviewed and the focuses of future research were suggested. To better understand loess provenance, the compositions of sediments in all the potential source areas should be investigated, and methodological study of provenance indicators and application of multi-proxies approaches need to be carried out. Chronologically and stratigraphically, feldspar luminescence dating and tephrochronology methods should be widely used, and the establishment of a uniform stratigraphic framework and correlation scheme should be constrained by precise chronology. In terms of the paleoenvironment, it is necessary to conduct high-resolution multi-proxies reconstruction of paleoenviroment for the entire loess-paleosol sequence, extending from the last interglacial period (130 ka to present) to interval of last 1 Ma. The future progress in Danube loess is crucial to improving the study of continental paleoclimate comparison and paleoclimate dynamics over the Eurasian loess region.     

深圳大鹏湾大鹏半岛沿岸海域的一次调查与分析

一九九八年三月,我们在大鹏半岛海域调查时,恰逢深圳大鹏半岛近岸海域赤潮发生。结合我们对该区域内沿海水域调查结果进行分析,给出该海域的潮汐、潮流的基本特征及当时该海域的水质状况,为规划、保护该海域的海洋环境提供科学依据,并为研究赤潮发生成因提供参考资料。     

南黄海浮游植物与水色透明度之间相关关系的研究

本文根据 １９９５ 年 ９ 月在南黄海获取的资料,分析和讨论了该水域浮游植物现存量（叶绿素 ａ （ Ｃ Ｈ ））、初级生产力（ Ｐ Ｐ） 和海水光学参数（透明度（ Ｓ Ｔ））、水色（ Ｗ Ｃ）） 之间的相关关系。分析结果表明,夏末秋初南黄海 Ｃ Ｈ 与 Ｐ Ｐ, Ｃ Ｈ 与 Ｗ Ｃ 和 Ｐ Ｐ 与 Ｗ Ｃ 以及悬浮物（ Ｓ Ｓ） 与 Ｗ Ｃ 之间均有良好的正相关关系。相关式分别为： Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ２２５１９ｌｎ（ Ｃ Ｈ ） ＋ ４８８９１ 或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ５ Ｅ－ ０５ Ｃ Ｈ １６４６４（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０７０３７）; Ｗ Ｃ ＝ ４０３ｌｎ（ Ｃ Ｈ ） ＋ ８９７６８ 或 Ｗ Ｃ ＝ ７１３０６ Ｃ Ｈ ０４７４７ （ Ｒ２ ＝０７９２１）; Ｃ Ｈ ＝ １５４３７ｌｎ（ Ｓ Ｓ） ＋ １３６４７ 或 Ｃ Ｈ ＝ ０７４９９ Ｓ Ｓ１２５２（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０７２２３）; Ｐ Ｐ ＝３３２８６ｌｎ Ｓ Ｓ＋ １５２２２ 或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ３３０２９ Ｓ Ｓ０５６９４ （ Ｒ２ ＝ ０５４７６）; Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ４２５８８ｌｎ（ Ｗ Ｃ） － ３７０７１或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ６６５１２ Ｗ Ｃ０８６６５（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０６７３１） 以 及 Ｓ Ｓ ＝ １４０１９ｌｎ（ Ｗ Ｃ） － １３３６３      

覆盖中国沿海地区的精细化台风风暴潮模型的研究及适用

精细化风暴潮预报是目前风暴潮预报重点发展方向之一,本文首次建立起了一个覆盖整个中国沿海地区的精细化台风风暴潮数值模型,克服了以往分区域数值模型的不足,该模型在中国沿海地区的分辨率达到300m左右。模型采用了并行计算,并对2012年和2013年灾害性台风风暴潮过程进行了数值检验,计算精度和计算所用时间都能够满足业务化运行的要求。本文同时还根据中国气象局、美国国家气象局等5家主要台风预报机构给出的24h台风预报,对2013年度灾害性台风风暴潮过程进行了24h数值预报检验,检验结果表明:根据中国气象局台风登陆前24h预报可以得到更准确的风暴潮预报结果,其预报结果优于其他各家预报结果。该结论可以为今后的台风风暴潮预报中台风路径的选取提供重要的参考。     

Study of A Geo-Acoustic Model of Gas-Bearing Sediment and Its Application in Sediment with Low Acoustic Velocity

A new geo-acoustic model for gas-bearing sediment is proposed based on the work of Dvorkin and Prasad, and Biot theory. Only five geophysical parameters: sediment mineral composition, free gas saturation, tortuosity (also known as the structure factor), permeability, and porosity, are considered in the model. A benefit of this model is that we need only five parameters instead of ten parameters in the Biot’s formulas for acoustic velocity and attenuation calculation. Here the model is demonstrated with the in-situ experimental data collected from the Hangzhou Bay, China. The results of this study suggest that free gas content in sediment is the most critical condition resulting in a low acoustic velocity (compressional wave). The respective contributions of the other four parameters in the model are also discussed.     

北冰洋高纬度区域海冰及气象特征分析

基于2018年8月至2019年5月布放在北极随海冰漂流的自动气象站和温度链浮标获取的观测数据,分析了北极高纬度区域的大气特征和海冰生消过程。根据海冰的漂移轨迹分为两个阶段分析,第1阶段,海冰主要向东南漂移;第2阶段,海冰主要向东北漂移。第1阶段观测的平均气温和平均相对湿度分别为–6.6℃和93%,第2阶段观测的平均气温和平均相对湿度分别为–29.3℃和76%,第2阶段平均气压高于第1阶段。海冰的漂移轨迹主要受到波弗特高压外围气流的影响。利用自动气象站漂移轨迹计算得到海冰漂移速度,与美国国家冰雪数据中心海冰漂移速度比较显示,两者纬向速度更为接近。海冰在第1阶段以融化为主,海冰厚度略有减小,8月份海冰生长率为–0.11 cm/d;海冰的生长过程主要发生在第2阶段,1–3月生长率均超过0.9 cm/d,2019年3月海冰生长最快,平均生长率为1.3 cm/d,海冰的增长一直持续至观测结束。     

南沙群岛珊瑚礁地貌图像信息管理系统

运用面向对象的软件开发技术,结合珊瑚礁地貌学、计算机图像学和计算机信息管理技术,在Windows平台上研制开发出南沙群岛珊瑚礁地貌图像信息管理系统。该系统集文件管理、数据库管理和图形、图像管理于一体,具有信息检索输出、信息编辑和信息维护等功能,以图形用户介面交互,达到"所见即所得"的效果。