大开间小型混凝土砌块10层模型房屋抗震性能试验研究(Ⅰ)

我国抗震设计规范（GB50011－2001）规定在6、7、8度区，混凝土小砌块结构分别可以建七、六、五层。由于混凝土小砌块结构的最大优势在于10－20层（与混凝土框架或框架剪力墙结构比）。本文按1／4比例制作了10层混凝土小砌块结构模型，按7度设防要求实施构造措施，通过振动台试验研究模型结构的抗震性能。结果表明，模型结构完全能够满足在7度区“小震不坏，大震不倒”的要求。圈梁、构造柱以及水平拉结筋构成的约束体系抗震作用是明显的。试验利用砌块的非注芯孔灌注铁砂来模拟墙体出平面动力效应。在本模型的构造措施下，平出面反应不对结构破坏起控制作用。     

地震预报思路的再讨论

文中回顾了1974年提出的“块、带、源、兆、触、报”六字预报思路，并基于近20年来的研究对此进行了补充和深化。     

A discussion on the records of water level ‘precursors’ in Well Shuozhou, Shanxi Province

A lot of slow fluctuations of water level have been observed in the original recording maps of subsurface fluid in Well Shuozhou, Shanxi Province. Some typical recording maps of the “precursors” are introduced in the paper and the features of the “precursors” recorded by the well are analyzed. The results show that 38% strong earthquakes possess this kind of record, which has a fluctuation period arranging from several to tens of minutes and appear mostly two days before the earthquakes. Moreover, the mechanism, transmission and responding conditions of well water level are discussed, as well as the scientific meaning and practical value of the “precursor” of the well water level in earthquake predictions. Foundation item: State Natural Science Foundation of China (19973011).     

天山北麓灌溉绿洲的形成和发展

17世纪以前，天山北麓是以牧为主地区，由“兵屯”建立的古代绿洲仅在交通要道呈星、点分布，且屡兴屡废。18－20世纪中叶，由清朝到民国，大力发展屯田，使社会发展进入半农半牧时期，这里形成的旧绿洲，呈断续岛状小片。1949年以后，由大规模农垦建立的新绿洲群，把分散小片旧绿洲联结在一起，形成与天山相平行绿洲带。本区绿洲形成特点是由屯垦和内地移民发展起来，起步虽晚，但发展很快；而且古绿洲、旧绿洲和新绿洲之间有延续性，不象塔里大盆地的很多古代绿洲已沦为沙漠、戈壁或风蚀地。     

河流水质风险评价的灰色-随机风险率方法

提出了量化影响河流水质的随机不确定性与灰色不确定性的水质超标灰色－随机风险率概念，建立了水质超标灰色－随机风险率评价模型。在水质单项参数评价模型中，将河流污染物浓度变量的分布处理成灰色概率分布，将污染物浓度超过水质类别标准值的风险率处理成灰色概率，即水质超标灰色－随机风险率。在水质综合评价模型中，河流水环境系统被考虑为担任某一使用可能的可靠性系统，而任意一种水质参数超标意味着河流水体使用功能不能得到应有的保证，也即表明水体综合评价超标，最后借鉴系统可靠性分析的理论和方法计算水质综合超标率。该方法应用于黄河花园口断面重金属污染风险评价。     

北京建设世界城市模式与政策导向的初步研究

结合世界城市同经济增长、科技创新以及区域基础这间的关系，世界城市结构演化及其成长过程等的一般规律，在内外部环境综合分析基础上，提出北京建设世界城市的基本经济模式与空间结构模式。加大开放程度，推进产业价值链分工，提高高级生产者服务以及高科技产业在经济结构中的比重，积极吸引跨国公司总部与研发机构，增强对全球经济资源的配置能力，为基本经济模式；而在首都圈与环渤海地区形成合理的空间分工，以及改北京单中心结构为近、远程多中心圈域型结构，为基础空间结构模式，并进一步提出了北京建设世界城市的六大政策导向。     

成都市民消费结构与休闲活动关系研究

城市居民消费水平，消费结构会影响其休闲消费能力，消费意愿，消费方式，消费态度和休闲时空结构，文章以成都市7个城区歌舞，茶棋牌，电影及城市公园休闲活动调查为基础，探讨了城市居民消费结构及其变化与休闲活动特征的关系。研究结果表明，城市居民消费结构的改变对歌舞，茶棋牌娱乐活动影响最大。     

实施农业名牌战略,创建梅州特色农业品牌的构想

实施农业名牌战略，既是适应社会经济发展和提高农业综合效益的需要，也是实现区域农业可持续发展的必然选择，必须遵循“市场导向、特色优势、绿色发展”3大原则。梅州市具有发展特色农业，构建名牌的有利条件，应在制定创名牌规划、开发无公害优质农产品、创造培育农业名牌的制度环境和经营机制3方面寻求对策。     

Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.     

Pauperizing the pastoral periphery: the marginalization of herding communities in the world's dry lands

Environmental degradation and other socio-economic problems are too often discerned in contemporary pastoral systems in the wake of global economic change. This paper identifies cases where pastoral people respond to external pressures and opportunities in positive ways and adapt to changes. We hope that by doing this a framework of pastoral adaptations can be developed. The first part of this paper focuses on impacts of global economic change, which are mostly negative in nature. Through an extensive literature search in geography, anthropology, range management, and development field, the second part introduces cases that we categorize as positive adaptations.