峨眉山近55a来水资源变化的多时间尺度分析

利用峨眉山1951-2005年逐月气温和降水观测资料,利用高桥浩一郎公式计算出地表蒸发量及水资源量.分析了峨眉山近55a来降水量、蒸发量及水资源的气候特征和变化趋势,并利用墨西哥帽子小波变换分析了水资源的时间-频率的多层次时间尺度变化特征,揭示了在不同时间尺度下峨眉山水资源序列变化的周期和突变点,并根据主周期对未来水资源变化趋势进行了预测.     

我国各地膨润土的矿物学性质

运用X射线衍射分析技术对我国不同产地膨润土的矿物学性质进行考察；利用K值法测蒙脱石含量。实验表明，各地膨润土具有蒙脱石的含量较高且均为二八面体的矿物学特点；可能由于所处的矿层或局部地球化学环境不同，使得相同矿床的不同颜色膨润土矿物的蒙脱石含量有所差异。     

近50年中国地面气候变化基本特征

采用国家基准气候站和基本气象站的地面资料,系统地分析了中国大陆地区1951年以来近地表主要气候要素演化的时间和空间特征。结果表明,中国近50 a来年平均地表气温变暖幅度约为1.1℃,增温速率接近0.22℃/(10 a),比全球或半球同期平均增温速率明显偏高。地表气温增暖主要发生在最近的20余年,其季节和空间特征与前人分析结论基本一致。降水量变化趋势对所取时间段和区域范围敏感。1951年以来全国平均降水量变化趋势不明显,但1956年以来略有增加。降水变化的空间特征明显而相对稳定,东北北部、包括长江中下游的东南部地区和西部广大地区降水增加,而华北地区以及东北东南部和西北东部地区降水明显减少。分析还发现,近50a来全国平均的日照时数、平均风速、水面蒸发等气候要素均呈显著下降趋势,但积雪地带的最大积雪深度却有所增加。中国日照时间和水面蒸发量变化的空间特征很相似,减少最明显的地区均发生在华北和华东,新疆次之。影响中国年代以上尺度气候变化的因子错综复杂,人类活动引起的大气中温室气体浓度增高可能在一定程度上影响了中国近50 a来的气候,但考虑到尚存的不确定性,目前仍不能给出明确结论。中国东部大部分地区日照时间和水面蒸发量减少可能均起源于人为排放的气溶胶影响,平均风速减弱也有利于水面蒸发量下降,而在西部地区云量和降水量的变化可能更重要。     

Lateral extrusion along the Altyn Tagh Fault,Qilian Shan (NE Tibet): insight from a 3D crustal budget

The lithospheric strike‐slip Altyn Tagh Fault has accommodated hundreds of kilometres of displacement between the Qaidam and Tarim blocks since its Eocene reactivation. However, the way the deformation is accommodated in the Qilian Shan and further east remains uncertain. Based on 360 km of north‐eastward migration of the relatively rigid Qaidam block along the Altyn Tagh Fault and 3D isovolumetric balancing of the crustal deformation within the Altyn Tagh Fault–Qilian Shan system, we demonstrate that 250 ± 28 km (43.8–49.4%) of N20E directed crustal shortening and an additional ~250–370 km of eastward motion of the Qilian Shan crust must be accounted for by strike‐slip faulting in the Qilian Shan and crustal thickening in the Qinling area, as well as by extension in the adjoining North China block graben systems.     

基于有理多项式系数模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配

针对物方面元最小二乘匹配仅适用于单中心投影框幅式成像的匹配制作区域DSM问题,提出基于有理多项式系数（RPC）模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配算法,结合匹配窗口区域内多中心平行投影方式,构建RPC模型下的投影方程,将物方面元最小二乘匹配算法从适用于单中心投影框幅式成像扩展到适用于多中心投影推扫式成像的立体匹配,并用SPOT5-HRG、GeoEye、IKONOS立体影像进行试验验证。试验表明,RPC模型能用于物方面元最小二乘匹配且不损失匹配精度,增加了物方面元最小二乘匹配的应用范围和价值。     

A framework of region-based spatial relations for non-overlapping features and its application in object based image analysis

Object based image analysis (OBIA) is an approach increasingly used in classifying high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Object based image classifiers first segment an image into objects (or image segments), and then classify these objects based on their attributes and spatial relations. Numerous algorithms exist for the first step of the OBIA process, i.e. image segmentation. However, less research has been conducted on the object classification part of OBIA, in particular the spatial relations between objects that are commonly used to construct rules for classifying image objects and refining classification results. In this paper, we establish a context where objects are areal (not points or lines) and non-overlapping (we call this “single-valued” space), and propose a framework of binary spatial relations between segmented objects to aid in object classification. In this framework, scale-dependent “line-like objects” and “point-like objects” are identified from areal objects based on their shapes. Generally, disjoint and meet are the only two possible topological relations between two non-overlapping areal objects. However, a number of quasi- topological relations can be defined when the shapes of the objects involved are considered. Some of these relations are fuzzy and thus quantitatively defined. In addition, we define the concepts of line-like objects (e.g. roads) and point-like objects (e.g. wells), and develop the relations between two line-like objects or two point-like objects. For completeness, cardinal direction relations and distance relations are also introduced in the proposed context. Finally, we implement the framework to extract roads and moving vehicles from an aerial photo. The promising results suggest that our methods can be a valuable tool in defining rules for object based image analysis.     

流动VLBI天线系统噪声温度及天线效率测量

我国自行研制的第一套流动VLBI系统——DCW—01型流动VLBI测量仪，目前已在国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”中投入使用。在流动VLBI的观测试验中，天线系统噪声温度和天线效率是观测前系统调试和检测的两项重要内容。天线系统噪声温度是衡量流动VLBI观测系统内部噪声程度的特性指标；天线效率反映了天线系统对到达天线能量的刊用率，在很多计算公式中是一个很重要的参数。因此，精确地测量它们的值是进行相关处理和计算的前提。文中结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍了流动VLBI测量仪的天线及接收机系统，并详细阐述了其天线系统噪声温度和天线效率的测量。     

地心和月心引力常数及月球形心与质心的确定

指出了地心引力常数GMe、月心引力常数GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的意义和重要性;介绍了用空间探测器观测数据测定GMe与GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的原理和方法;综合给出了利用空间探测器测定的数值。     

地脉动及特殊波形的频谱特性在地震预报中的应用

利用功率谱和Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱分析方法,对大震前地脉动及震前特殊波形等记录进行了比较深入的研究,结果表明：（１）较大地震前短周期地脉动及震前特殊波形频谱的峰值频率ｆｍ,拐角频率ｆｃ相对频带宽度△ｆ相对峰值Ｓｍ／Ｓ０,高频段的斜率绝对值│ｂ│及Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱的卓越频率ｆｄ等特征量均可能出呈现出较明显的下降（少数为上升）异常变化。（２）各频谱特征量呈现异常的时间基本上同步,并与波速异常发展趋势基本相符,（３）