不同风区海面雷达后向散射的极化特征对比分析

通过对海南省南保港附近海面ＳＩＲ－Ｃ／Ｘ－ＳＡＲ全极化数据的定量研究,对比研究了该海面不同风区海面的全极化信息特征,定量分析了海面散射的极化信息和极化状态的空间结构情况：用散射矩阵的迹解释了不同海区的散射强度对应关系：对比海面散射极化响应可以确定不同成长类型的粗糙海面类型;用极化响应图的对称特点界定“长尺度”和“短尺度”海面;建立全极化海面散射模型。讨论了海面电磁散射的贡献与雷达系统参数之间的定量     

基于EOF分析对南海西北海域水体光谱特性的研究

This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.R_(rs)was initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole R_(rs) were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95% of the variances of R_(rs) are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of R_(rs)(A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1) significantly contributed to the total variances of each R_(rs) class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class AR_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(a_g(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D R_(rs)-EOF_1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape.     

海洋和高原热状况对夏季风活动影响的初步分析

我国是世界上著名的季风气候区.但过去相当多的研究是从气候概念来理解季风的.实际上,各年季风的起迄日期有早有晚,而强度也不同.正是由于这种差异,造成了我国各地的旱涝灾害.因此从个别年来研究季风,并探讨形成季风年际变化可能的原因是十分必要的.本文尝试通过1971年与1972年季风活动的对比分析,一方面了解环流特征季节变化的异同,另一方面希望能对这两年旱涝产生的原因有一个更明确的认识.     

厦门市海域功能区划实践中若干问题的探讨

1997年，厦门市制定了中国第一部市级海洋功能区划，率先实行了海洋功能区划制度，几年来在科学指导海洋开发活动、建立良好的海洋开发和管理秩序、合理地利用海洋资源和调整海洋产业布局、实施海洋经济的可持续发展等方面取得了良好的效果。但是，海洋功能区划实施后，厦门市的海域使用仍然存在一些问题。中国范围内的市、县级海洋功能区划刚刚完成，都还处于起步实施阶段，对于功能区划的管理和实践中出现的问题进行总结，分析探讨其原因，     

智能潜器的集成仿真系统

本文介绍了智能潜器集成仿真系统的硬、软件结构．通过这一系统所展示的水下虚拟仿真环境能够在研究和开发智能潜器的控制体系结构、潜器载体的水动力学、信息融合和目标识别等工作中发挥巨大作用     

JONSWAP谱和N谱的几个对应特征量间的关系

研究了风浪频谱ＪＯＮＳＷＡＰ谱的峰度因子γ、尖度因子Ｐｊ和Ｎ谱尖度因子ＰＮ，参变量ｐ，ｑ间的关系；并在此关系上给出了由这两种谱计算的几个对应参量间的关系，在使用不同的谱形进行特征量的计算时，应注意不同频谱间的成长因子致性，以免引起计算结果的错误。     

西沙群岛附近海域羽纹硅藻分类研究 Ⅰ

继“西沙、中沙群岛附近海域浮游硅藻类分类的研究”之后,作者又对西沙群岛所属岛、礁附近海域的羽纹硅藻进行了初步整理,共鉴定出羽纹硅藻11属27种及其变种(其中8种是我国首次记录)。本文对首次记录的种类进行了比较详细的说明和绘图。某些在我国其他海域已有报道的种类,如光辉针杆藻、串珠梯楔形藻、海生斑条藻、琴状舟形藻、流苏胸隔藻、双标胸隔藻、钝端双眉藻、细纹斜盘藻等,以往的描述较简单,并且与西沙群岛标本的形态也不完全雷同,为了便于应用和比较,本文根据西沙群岛的标本,又进行了较详细的描述或补充说明。对有图而无说明,或仅有名录的种类的国内资料,在地理分布内注明。为了保持西沙群岛所属海城硅藻分类研究的连续性,本文仍采用 Hendey 提出的分类系统排列。 为便于读者査找,每一种名下列出其同物异名。 标本多用小型浮游生物网采得,有些则取自珊瑚表面。插图均用描图仪描绘。     

A three-layer model for the thermal structure in the Huanghai Sea

A one-dimentional three-layer model for the thermal structure in the Huanghai Sea is presented in this study, me model consists of the upper mixed layer caused by heating and wind mixing, the lower mixed layer driven by tidal mixing, and the thermocline with certain thickness. The entrainment velocities of the upper and lower layers are obtained respectively. The results show that the model is capable of describing the development and decline processes of the seasonal thermocline in the Huanghai Sea, simulating successfully the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the nearshore front and surface cold water off North Jiangsu and explaining reasonably their formation mechanisms as well as the strong thermocline off Qingdao. It is suggested that the tidal mixing plays key role in the formation of the nearshore front off North Jiangsu and the strong thermocline off Qingdao. The wind mixing and the tidal mixing make the lower layer water with high nutrients go up to the upper layer. This physical process may be sig     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in shallow water

The method developed by Wen et al. (1988 a) for deriving theoretical wind wave frequency spectrum in deep water is extended to the case of water of finite depth, in which a parameter η=H/d is introduced, where H and d represent the average wave height and water depth respectively. The derived spectra reduce to those in deep water when η=0. The case of η=1/2 corresponds to waves impending to break because of the effect of the bottom. Simplified forms of spectra are given. The theoretical results agree with the observed spectra well.     

A nitrate and silicate budget in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: a coupled physical–biological model study

A coupled physical–biological model was developed to simulate the low-silicate, high-nitrate, and low-chlorophyll (LSHNLC) conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and used to compute a detailed budget in the Wyrtki box (5°N–5°S, 180–90°W) for the major sources and cycling of nitrogen and silicon in the equatorial Pacific. With the incorporation of biogenic silicon dissolution, NH₄ regeneration from organic nitrogen and nitrification of ammonia in the model, we show that silicon recycling in the upper ocean is less efficient than nitrogen. As the major source of nutrients to the equatorial Pacific, the Equatorial Undercurrent provides slightly less Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ to the upwelling zone, which is defined as 2.5°N–2.5°S. As a result, the equatorial upwelling supplies less Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ into the euphotic zone in the Wyrtki box, having a Si/N supply ratio of about 0.85 (2.5 vs. 2.96 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹). More Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ is taken up with a Si/N ratio of 1.17 (2.72 vs. 2.33 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹) within the euphotic zone. The difference between upwelling supply and biological uptake is balanced by nutrient regeneration and horizontal advection. Excluding regeneration, the net silicate and nitrate uptakes are nearly equal (1.76 vs. 1.84 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹). However, biogenic silica export production is slightly higher than organic nitrogen (1.74 vs. 1.59 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹) following a 1.1 Si/N ratio. In the central equatorial Pacific, low silicate concentrations limit diatom growth; therefore non-diatom new production accounts for most of the new production. Higher silicate supply in the east maintains elevated diatom growth rates and new production associated with diatoms dominate upwelling zone. In contrast, the new production associated with small phytoplankton is nearly constant or decreases eastward along the equator. The total new production has a higher rate in the east than in the west, following the pattern of surface silicate. This suggests that silicate regulates the diatom production, total new production, and thereby carbon cycle in this area. The modeled mean primary production is 48.4 mmolCm⁻² day⁻¹, representing the lower end of direct field measurements, while new production is 15.0 mmolCm⁻² day⁻¹, which compares well with previous estimates.